The Emergence Of Conflict And The End Of Consensus, 1625-1629

Question 1

1. James I and Religious Divisions
   Q: What were the main religious issues during James I’s reign?

Answer 1

A: Conflicts between Anglicans, Puritans, and Catholics; the Gunpowder Plot (1605); failed Hampton Court Conference (1604).

Question 2

2. James I and Parliament
   Q: Why did James I have conflicts with Parliament?

Answer 2

A: Disputes over finances, royal prerogative, and James’s belief in Divine Right clashed with Parliament’s desire for greater influence.

Question 3

3. James I’s Foreign Policy
   Q: What was James I’s approach to foreign relations?

Answer 3

A: Aimed for peace through marriage diplomacy (Spanish Match) and avoided war, but faced criticism for being too pro-Catholic.

Question 4

4. Charles I and the Divine Right of Kings
   Q: How did Charles I’s views on monarchy shape his reign?

Answer 4

A: He believed in the Divine Right of Kings and saw Parliament as a challenge to his authority, leading to increasing tensions.

Question 5

5. The Role of Queen Henrietta Maria
   Q: Why was Charles I’s marriage to Henrietta Maria controversial?

Answer 5

A: As a Catholic, she was suspected of influencing Charles towards Catholic-friendly policies, causing Protestant distrust.

Question 6

6. The Duke of Buckingham’s Influence
   Q: Why was the Duke of Buckingham unpopular?

Answer 6

A: He controlled access to the King, led failed military campaigns (Cadiz 1625, La Rochelle 1627), and was seen as corrupt.

Question 7

7. Financial Conflicts Under Charles I
   Q: How did Charles I’s financial policies create opposition?

Answer 7

A: Parliament refused to grant sufficient funds, so Charles resorted to forced loans and unpopular taxes like ship money.

Question 8

8. Religious Conflicts Under Charles I
   Q: How did Charles I’s religious policies create opposition?

Answer 8

A: He promoted Arminianism, which Puritans saw as too Catholic, leading to growing distrust in Parliament.

Question 9

9. The Petition of Right (1628)
   Q: What was the Petition of Right, and why was it significant?

Answer 9

A: It was a document from Parliament demanding an end to forced loans and imprisonment without trial; Charles reluctantly accepted it but later ignored it.

Question 10

10. The Dissolution of Parliament (1629)
    Q: Why did Charles I dissolve Parliament in 1629?

Answer 10

A: He was frustrated by opposition to his financial and religious policies, leading to the start of his 11-year Personal Rule.