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Sustainable Development > The Emergence of a New Development Model > Flashcards

The Emergence of a New Development Model Flashcards

1
Q

What is the current problem with the amount of greenhouse gases?

A

They exceed the tolerable and advised concentrations

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2
Q

How are the graphs showing the Earth System changes called?

A

Great Acceleration graphs

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3
Q

How many graphs/indicators are there related to the Great Acceleration graphs?

A

24

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4
Q

What are the 2 categories of the indicators on the graphs?

A

Socioeconomic and earth system indicators

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5
Q

Name some of the socioeconomic indicators

A

Population
Fertilizer consumption
Water use
Primary energy use

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6
Q

Name some of the earth system indicators

A 
CO2
NH4
Nitrous oxide
Ocean acidification 
Domesticated land
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7
Q

What is common regarding all graphs?

A

They show the same pattern

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8
Q

Which pattern do the graphs show?

A

A sharp spike from 1950

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9
Q

What do planetary boundaries define?

A

A safe operating space for humanity

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10
Q

What does Holocene provide for humans?

A

All the necessary conditions for human development

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11
Q

What happens if we cross the environmental boundaries?

A

We get into a new state

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12
Q

What is needed to stay in the stable Holocene?

A

We have to stay within the planetary boundaries

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13
Q

How many planetary boundaries are there?

A

9

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14
Q

How can we prevent to cross the boundaries?

A

We have to be more sustainable

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15
Q

Which two parts does SD consist of?

A

Environmental and development agenda

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16
Q

What did development thinking prioritized during the 1960s?

A

Economic growth

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17
Q

What term was development equal with during the 1960s?

A

Modernization

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18
Q

Explain Rostow’s model.

A

5 stages of development

End goal is high mass consumption

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19
Q

What are the 3 main central problems which should be solved to be able to call it development?

A

Poverty, inequality, unemployment

20
Q

Which approach did Max-Neef find the best?

A

Needs based approach - most important are the fundamental needs of humans

21
Q

Which approach did Amartya Sen find effective?

A

Capability approach-expanding the choices people have

22
Q

Which goals were made in 2000?

A

Millennium Development Goals

23
Q

What is the main goal of the MDGs?

A

Reducing poverty

24
Q

How is James Lovelock’s famous hypothesis called?

A

Gaia hypothesis

25
Q

What is the main idea of the Gaia hypothesis?

A

Biosphere is a living organism which regulates itself

26
Q

Why is it important to protect ecosystems?

A

They maintain biodiversity and the production of ecosystem goods

27
Q

Could humans live without ecosystem services?

A

No, they’re dependent on it

28
Q

Which event took place in 1992?

A

Rio Earth Summit

29
Q

What were the outcomes of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit?

A

Links environment and development

Policies towards SD

30
Q

Which event took place in 2012?

A

Rio +20

31
Q

What are the 3 pillars of SD?

A

Reducing poverty
Advancing social equality
Ensuring environmental protection

32
Q

What was the main outcome of the 2012 Rio +20?

A

“The Future We Want” report

Development of the Sustainable Development Goals

33
Q

What are the 3 dimensions of the SD model?

A

Environment
Society
Economy

34
Q

What is the problem with the 3 dimensions placed on the same level?

A

They’re not equal, because economy is less important, than the environment

35
Q

What do societies depend on regarding the 3 dimensions model?

A

On the Earth’s life support system

36
Q

What is the problem with the conventional model of SD regarding the Third World counties?

A

Western countries exploit human and natural resources

37
Q

What is the famous quote about SD?

A

Development what meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

38
Q

What is the concept of week sustainability?

A

Natural capital can be replaced with man made goods

39
Q

What is the concept of strong sustainability?

A

Natural capital can’t fully be replaced with human made capital

40
Q

What is the other name of the Brundtland report?

A

Our Common Future

41
Q

When was the Brundtland report created?

A

1987

42
Q

Which terms does the Brundtland report put together?

A

Development and sustainability

43
Q

What’s the difference between the way of thinking in 1960s and the Brundtland report?

A

Brundtland report states that not the economic goal is the most important

44
Q

Which approach does the Brundtland report use?

A

Needs based approach

45
Q

Which other development did Brundtland consider as important and effective?

A

Technological development

Sustainable Development (2 decks)

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