The Elizabethans Flashcards
Who where Queen Elizabeths parents
Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
When was Elizabeth crowned queen
1558
How long did Elizabeth rein for
45 years
When did Elizabeth die
1603
Why was there concerns about Elizabeths succession
Because if she died without an heir it could lead to civil war
Why did Elizabeth not have any kids
Because she was worried about having a boy and they would succeed her
Why and how did Elizabeth use propaganda to maintain public support
Elizabeth I used portraits and plays to maintain public support. Portraits depicted her as powerful ageless and divinely ordained often surrounded by symbols of strength and stability. Plays controlled through her patronage and censorship celebrated her reign and spread propaganda that glorified her rule while fostering national pride and loyalty
What is patronage
Patronage is a system used by Queen Elizabeth I to reward loyalty from her court
What did Elizabeth giving patronage lead to politically
Political stability
What was Elizabeths privy council
A group of ministers selected by Elizabeth to help her govern the country
How many people where in Elizabeths council
19
Who was William Cecil and what was his job within Elizabeths Council
Secretary of state 1558-72
Lord treasurer 1572-90
How long was William Cecil Elizabeths main minister
40 years
Who was Sir Francis Walsingham and what was his job within Elizabeths Council
Secretary of State 1572-90
Responsible for foreign affairs
What was the cause for Elizabeth and Phillip II (king of Spain) relationship to break down
He was accused of being involved in the Throckmorton Plot in 1583
In what year did the Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declare independence from Spain
1581
What happened in 1584 to the Protestant rebels and what did it put them in danger of
There leader William the silent was assassinated and this put them in danger of being defeated
What was the Treaty of Nonsuch and when did Elizabeth sign it
Promised military assistance to the rebels in the Netherlands it was signed in 1585
What factors influenced Elizabeth to sign it the treaty of Nonsuch
Religious, economic
What did Phillip (the king of Spain) see the treaty of Nonsuch as
A declaration of war
What was Phillips reaction to the Treaty of Nonsuch (what did he do)
Sent an armada to invade England
When was the Spanish armada launched
1588
How many Spanish ships where sent to invade England
130
Englands retaliation to the Spanish armada
Sent eight fireships (ships filled with flammable material) then England advanced and battled for many hours until the rest of the Spanish fleet sailed to the North Sea
When did the war with Spain end
1604
When did Spain launch two more armadas and where they successful
1596 and 1597, neither where successful
When did Elizabeth send ships to France to help Navarre (king of France) and how many did she send
1589-1595 and she sent 20,000 ships
William Cecil died in 1598 and who succeeded him
His son Robert Cecil
When was Robert Devereux become a member of Elizabeths Privy council
1598
Who was Robert Devereux
Earl of Essex
What did The earl of Essex rise lead to with in the court
A division into 2 groups
What where the 2 groups in Elizabeth’s court competing for from her
Patronage and influence
What did the 2 groups in Elizabeths council disagree about
Important matters such as the strategy in the war with Spain
What did Elizabeth have the inability to control in her council and what did it undermine
The 2 groups conflict and it undermined her authority
What rebellion was the Earl of Essex sent to stop
Tyrone’s rebellion in Ireland
What was the Earl of Essex punished for
After unsuccessful attempts to call a truce with the Tyrone rebellion he abandoned his post without the queens permission
When did the earl of Essex launch hiss rebellion
8th of February 1601
What was the aim of the Earl of Essex’s rebellion in 1601
Seize the queen and force her to replace her closets advisors
Why did the Earl of Essex rebellion fail
He had no support from the general Londoners
When was Earl of Essex arrested after his rebellion
25th of February 1601
What was Elizabeth’s royal court
The center of political life it was a large group of people who surrounded the queen all the time
Who where the people who would attend Elizabeth’s court
Servants, members of the privy council and members of the nobility and also foreign visitors
What was the role of local governments
Running a county and enforcing the law there
Who volunteered to be on the local government and why did they volunteer
The nobility and gentry volunteered and they volunteered because it was a show of status and power
Who where the Justice of peace on the local governments
In charge of administering national policies like the poor laws and taxation in their counties and enforcing law and order
Who appointed Lord Lieutenant on local governments
The queen
What was the job of the Lord Lieutenant on local governments
In charge of the justice of peace and an important military role. For example they maintained defenses and managed training of the malitia
How many sessions in total did Elizabeth call for her parliament over her 44 year reign
13 sessions
What was parliament’s role
Discuss taxes and to help councilors and Elizabeth understand the emotion of the country but also she used them to pass laws
Why was parliament limited
Not able to debate any topic Elizabeth decided the topics
Elizabeth could also bypass any laws she wanted to
Who helped Elizabeth manage and convince parliament of Elizabeths ideas
William cecil
Who was the speaker in parliament chosen by and who where they monitored by
Chosen by Queen but monitored by her privy council
Elizabeth was a strong public speaker and what did this help her with in parliament
Persuading them to stay loyal and believe in her ideas for how the country should be run
What where MPs worried about with Elizabeth and what this lead to
Who her successor or her husband would be and it lead to conflict within parliament
What did puritan MPs want to do
Make England more religious (protestant)
MPs where worried about Mary Queen of Scots why
Her plots to overthrow Elizabeths so they tried to make her take action
When did England stop being a catholic country and warts did it lead to within the country
1530s it lead to religious instability between 1530-1559 it also caused social and political turmoil.
Who was Peter Turner (MP) and what did he do
Puritan MP who resisted Elizabeths religious settlement and he lead a campaign demanding for a more Protestant version of the prayer book between 1584 and 1585
Why did some people believe Mary was more eligible for the throne than Elizabeth
Because Elizabeths mother was Henrys 2nd wife and he thought they couldn’t have divorced as went against catholic views
Who where the main group who wanted Mary as Queen over Elizabeth
Catholics
Who uncovered the Throckmorton plot
Walshingham
What was the Throckmorton and when was it uncovered
A plan to assassinate Elizabeth in 1583
What was the Throckmorton plot plan
Invasion of England by French troops financed by King Phillip II of Spain and Pope
Who financed the Throckmorton Plot
King Phillip of Spain and the Pope
What was the Babington plot and when was it uncovered
Plan to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary in 1586
How was the Babington Plot uncovered
Walshingham had a secret spy network which informed in on every step of the plan they intercepted the letters Mary was sending to Babington
When was the Babington plot ment to be executed
When Mary sent a letter to Babington finalizing the plan
When was Mary Executed
Found guilty of treason in October 1856 and executed in February 1857
What did Marys execution mean for Elizabeth
It removed a lot of pressure from catholics which eased her reign but it increased opposition abroad
What are recusant Catholics
Refused to go to protestant church
What are Church paptists Catholics
Attended Protestant church but practiced Catholicism in there home
Jesuit and seminary priests arrived in the mid 1570s what was there Job
To make catholics keep there religion and encourage them to appose religious settlement
Who where Robert Paterson and Edmund Campion
Priests at a seminary college in France Campion executed in 1851 for treason
What was the act of supremacy and when was it passed
Re-established the Church of England as independent
Made Elizabeth supreme governor of the church of England
1559 it was passed
What was the Act of uniformity and when was it passed
Enforced the use of a book of common prayer
Catholic practices banned
Attendance to church mandatory and if missed fines
What where catholic conformers
The catholics became protestant to avoid fines
When and why was Elizabeth excommunicated by the Pope
1570 for going against catholic churches
What was the Act of Persuasion 1581
Raised recusancy fines by 10,000 percent meaning only richest could afford
1587 recusancy act what was it
2/3 of the land of a recusant could be taken
1593 restraining recusant act what was it
catholics had to stay within 5 miles of there Gomes and couldn’t hold large gatherings authorities could keep an eye on them easier and they would be isolated
