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History > The Elizabethan Age (1558 - 1603) > Flashcards

The Elizabethan Age (1558 - 1603) Flashcards

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1
Q

What day did Elizabeth’s coronation take place?

A

Sunday 15th January 1559

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2
Q

Where did Elizabeth’s coronation take place?

A

Westminster Abbey

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3
Q

How much did the coronation cost?

A

£16,000

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4
Q

Why was Elizabeth popular?

A

She was young, single and English

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5
Q

How did Elizabeth use portraits as propaganda?

A

She could create an image of a monarch who was ageless, strong and powerful

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6
Q

What did Elizabeth do on royal progresses?

A

She toured the countryside, staying in the houses of nobles and receiving free accommodation, food, drink and entertainment

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7
Q

Who was in the royal court?

A

Elizabeth’s advisers, government officials and ladies in waiting

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8
Q

What is patronage?

A

The power to appoint people to an important job or position

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9
Q

What were the responsibilities of the privy council?

A

To advise the Queen on policy, watch over the day-to-day government of the realm, consider petitions from private individuals

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10
Q

What did the number of people in the privy council vary from during Elizabeth’s reign?

A

12 to 20

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11
Q

Sir William Cecil

A

appointed as secretary of state in 1558, most important minister, moderate protestant, received title of Lord Burghley in 1571

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12
Q

Sir Francis Walsingham

A

devout puritan, in charge of Elizabeths secret service and advised on foreign afairs

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13
Q

Robert Dudley

A

Earl of Leicester, trusted advisor, rumoured to be Elizabeths lover, puritan

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14
Q

Sir Christopher Hatton

A

moderate protestant, appointed Lord Chancellor in 1587

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15
Q

Robert Devereux

A

2nd Earl of Essex, involved in plot to remove some of the Queens councillors, leading to his rebellion in 1601 - which he was executed for

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16
Q

Lord Lieutenant

A

One appointed for each county, in charge of local militia and supervised JPs

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17
Q

Justices of the Peace

A

30 to 60 per county, unpaid, looked out for poor, fixed prices and wages, sat in on court cases, organised parish constables

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18
Q

Parish Constable

A

watched out for vagabonds, kept peace and arrested those who broke the law, prevented trespassing and poaching, carried out punishments, kept order

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19
Q

Main functions of parliament (2)

A

Introduce new laws and raise money

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20
Q

How did Elizabeth control parliament?

A

They could only meet if she called it, they could only talk about topics that she allowed, used to grant her taxes - her main source of income

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21
Q

What were parliament prohibited from discussing? (3)

A

Elizabeths marriage and succession, religion, the declaration of war and peace

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22
Q

How many times did parliament meet over Elizabeths reign?

A

13

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23
Q

Nobles and lords

A

Great landowners, about 50 families, income of up to £6000 per year

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24
Q

Gentry

A

Lesser landowners, about 10,000 families, income of up to £200 per year

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25
Q

Wealthy merchants

A

Successful in the business of buying and selling goods, about 30,000 families

26
Q

Professionals

A

Emerging middle class

27
Q

Yeomen

A

Owned their own property, had a few servants and farmed some land

28
Q

Tenant farmers

A

Rented between 10 to 30 acres from a landowner, about 100,000 families

29
Q

Cottagers

A

Had small gardens to farm

30
Q

Skilled artisans

A

Men with a trade; craftsmen

31
Q

Landless unskilled labourers

A

Seasonal workers, unemployed during certain periods of the year

32
Q

What percentage of the population lived on the edge of starvation?

A

20-30%

33
Q

Why did so many people live on the edge of starvation?

A

Events such as bad harvests, rising prices and unemployment

34
Q

How did nobles and lords increase their wealth during this period?

A

Many bought land during Henry VIII’s dissolution of monasteries, the expansion of overseas trade, investment in trading companies, the granting of monopolies, profits from the sale of wool

35
Q

How would the sons of lords and nobles receive education?

A

Tutored at home, receiving education in the classics as well as French, Latin and Greek

36
Q

How would the sons of gentry receive education?

A

Would attend grammar school, some would then go to either oxford or cambridge

37
Q

What is the definition of “impotent poor”?

A

Those genuinely unable to work due to age or some other hardship - recognised that they were in need of poor relief

38
Q

What is the definition of “able-bodied poor”?

A

Those considered capable of work but unable or unwilling to find employment

39
Q

What caused the sharp rise of poverty during the sixteenth century? (9)

A

Rising inflation, bad harvest, changes in farming methods, rack-renting, rural depopulation, dissolution of the monasteries, rising population, changes in the cloth industry, costly foreign wars and demobbed soldiers

40
Q

In what three years was there a particularly bad harvest?

A

1556, 1596 and 1597

41
Q

How much did the population rise between the 1540s and 1601

A

2.7 million in the 1540s to 4 million in 1601

42
Q

List the different types of vagrants (7)

A

Hooker or angler, clapper dudgeon, doxy, abraham man, ruffler, dummerers, counterfeit crank

43
Q

What was a hooker?

A

Someone who would carry a long wooden stick and knock on doors to see what could be stolen

44
Q

What was a clapper dudgeon?

A

Someone who tied arsenic on their skin to make them bleed in order to get sympathy

45
Q

What was a doxy?

A

A female beggar that would carry a large bag and put stolen items in it

46
Q

What was an abraham man?

A

Someone who pretended to be mad to get donations

47
Q

What was a ruffler?

A

Former soldiers who have become vagabonds

48
Q

What was a drummerer?

A

Someone who pretended to be dumb in order to beg for charity

49
Q

What was a counterfeit crank?

A

Someone who pretended to suffer from “falling sickness” (epilepsy)

50
Q

What was the success of Elizabethan poor laws? (5)

A

Did not end poverty and it continued to rise, helped thousands of people in need of support, threat of social unrest and possible rebellion was reduced, reflected a change of responsibility, remained in place for next 200 years

51
Q

What was bull and bear baiting?

A

Bulls and bears would be chained to a post and dogs would be let loose on them

52
Q

Give four examples of entertainment enjoyed by the rich

A

Hunting, hawking, dancing and ball games

53
Q

What are strolling players?

A

Wandering groups of actors that toured the country and stopped in towns to perform their plays

54
Q

In what year was a law passed that banned strolling players from performing without a license?

A

1572

55
Q

Give three examples of theatre companies

A

The Earl of Leicesters Players, The Queens Men and Lord Admiral Howards company

56
Q

When was the first theatre built, what was it called and who built it?

A

1576, The Theatre, James Burbage

57
Q

Name five theatres

A

The Theatre, The Curtain, The Rose, The Swan and The Globe

58
Q

Name three playwrights

A

William Shakespeare, Thomas Dekker and Thomas Kyd

59
Q

Why did the authorities oppose the theatre?

A

Because it gave opportunity to pickpockets and it encouraged people to miss work

60
Q

Why did religious groups oppose the theatre?

A

Puritans disproved of the non - religious nature of the plays and believed it kept people from going to church

History (2 decks)

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