The Earth

Question 1

what are the 4 parts of the Earth

Answer 1

Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner core.

Question 2

The Earth’s surface is made up of about 30 plates, which move very slowly on a layer of

Answer 2

partially molten rock

Question 3

How is the lava coming out of an erupting volcano different from the magma deep below the Earth’s surface?

Answer 3

Lava is a mixture of magma and gases.

Question 4

Seismology is the study of:

Answer 4

tremors and earthquakes.

Question 5

​​The huge waves that can be created by earthquakes under the ocean floor are called

Answer 5

tsunamis

Question 6

​​Volcanoes that have not erupted for thousands of years and are unlikely to erupt again are said to be

Answer 6

Extinct

Question 7

Identify the blanket of gases that surrounds the Earth to a height of about 150 kilometres.

Answer 7

the atmosphere

Question 8

If you look at a map showing the continents of the Earth, what observation can you make that supports the idea that the continents have moved over a very long period of time?

Answer 8

The continents appear to fit together like a jigsaw puzzle.

Question 9

The moving plates on the Earth’s surface are called tectonic plates. They consist of two types of crust. One of those types is oceanic crust. Identify the other type.

Answer 9

Continental crust.

​Additional information: The continents are made up of continental crust, which is much thicker than the oceanic crust that lies beneath the oceans.

Question 10

Describe and explain the motion of magma in the mantle that keeps the plates that make up the Earth’s crust moving slowly.

Answer 10

Convection currents within the mantle keep the plates moving slowly. The molten rock expands, rises, cools and then falls back.

Question 11

The huge forces within the Earth’s crust can cause rocks to bend and crumple without breaking

Answer 11

The process is called folding.

Question 12

Identify the type of movement in the Earth’s crust that has caused the layers of rock to go out of alignment in the centre

Answer 12

​Further information: A crack has developed across the layers as a result of the forces within the Earth’s crust. The movement along such cracks is called faulting.

Question 13

Earthquakes are almost always described in the media by a scale that measures the amount of energy it releases. Earthquakes measuring 5.0 on this scale are detectable and can cause objects to rattle or fall. Those measuring 5.5 or more can cause destruction and deaths. Identify this scale.

Answer 13

The Richter scale.