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History: Weimar Germany > The early Weimar Republic (1918 - 1923) > Flashcards

The early Weimar Republic (1918 - 1923) Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was Germany’s president?

A

Friedrich Ebert

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2
Q

When was the Weimar Republic created?

A

31st July 1919 by the National Assembly

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3
Q

What was article 1 of the Weimar Constitution?

A
  • Germany was to be a democracy
  • The voting age was lowered from 25 to 21
  • Women were also allowed to vote
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4
Q

What was article 48 of the Weimar constitution?

A

It allowed the President to enact a state of emergency in a crisis, and they would be able to pass laws without taking it up with the Reichstag

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5
Q

What was the bill of rights?

A

It established civil rights to Germans, such as free speech, equality, labour rights etc

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6
Q

What election system was used in the Reichstag?

A

Proportional representation - The percentage of votes = the percentage of Reichstag seats

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7
Q

Strengths of the Weimar Republic

A
  • No one person has all the power
  • Democracy
  • The people in power change every few years
    (chancellor = 4 and president = 7)
  • Fair election system (proportional representation
    and the bill of rights)
  • State governments could keep their traditions
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8
Q

Weaknesses of the Weimar Republic

A
  • Article 48 could be exploited like Hitler did in 1934
  • No party held the majority of the power, so it was hard to pass laws since there were so many parties present
  • The Weimar Republic was tainted with the betrayal of surrendering and “stabbing Germany in the back” (Dolchstoss)
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9
Q

Who were the Big Three in the Paris peace conference?

A

Britain - David Lloyd
France - George Clemenceau
USA - Woodrow Wilson

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10
Q

What were the 4 main categories in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Land
Arms
Money
Blame

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11
Q

Treaty of Versailles - LAND

A
  • Alsace Lorraine had to be returned to France
  • All colonies had to be given to the Allied Powers
  • Germany could form no union with Austria
  • Posen and West Prussia had to be given to Poland
  • The Saar land had to be administered by League of Nations
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12
Q

Treaty of Versailles - ARMS

A
  • No naval vessel could be greater than 10,000 tonnes
  • The German army could not exceed 100,000
  • No tanks, armoured cars, or heavy artillery
  • No submarines or aircraft
  • The Rhineland area could have no military
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13
Q

Treaty of Versailles - MONEY

A
  • Germany had to pay reparations of £6.6 billion
  • Germany had to build merchant ships to replace the Allied ships sunk by U-boats
  • Cattle and sheep had to be given to France for reparations
  • Coal was to be mined in the Saar by France
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14
Q

Treaty of Versailles - BLAME

A

Article 231 - Germany had to take the blame for WW1 and accept “war guilt”

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15
Q

Characteristics of Communism (LEFT-WING)

A
  • Favours cooperation over competition
  • Believes in the equality of all people
  • Liberal democrats are a modern example
  • More protection and benefits for the working class
  • Favours higher tax and government control
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16
Q

Characteristics of Capitalism (RIGHT-WING)

A
  • Favours competition over cooperation
  • Believes that people are unequal and likes status and hierarchy
  • The Conservative party would be a modern example
  • The Fascist party of Mussolini would be an extreme example
  • Favours greater freedom for businesses and less government control
17
Q

Who were the Spartacist League and who did they support?

A

They were extreme socialists from the USPD, they supported Communism

18
Q

Who led the Spartacists?

A

Rosa Luxemborg, Karl Liebknecht

19
Q

When was the

A
20
Q

What was the Spartacist Uprising?

A
  • Ebert sacked the popular police chief, and the workers protested
  • The Spartacists called for an uprising and general strike (over 100,000 workers)
  • They seized control of newspaper and telegraph offices (Weimar gov was losing control)
21
Q

Who were the Freikorps?

A

Soldiers released from the army who had returned to Germany

22
Q

How did Ebert stop the Spartacist Uprising?

A
  • He set the Freikorps on the workers
  • Luxemborg and Liebknecht were arrested
23
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch?

A

March 1920

24
Q

What was the Kapp Putsch?

A
  • Ebert was struggling to control the Freikorps
  • Fearing unemployment, they turned against the Republic
  • 5000 armed men marched on Berlin
  • “Reichswehr does not fire upon Reichswehr”
  • The rebels controlled the city
25
Q

What happened after the Kapp Putsch?

A
  • They put forward a nationalist politician, Wolfgang Kapp
  • They invited the Kaiser to return from exile
  • Members of the Weimar Republic fled
  • Kapp realised he couldn’t govern, and fled
  • The rebellion collapsed and the Weimar Republic returned
26
Q

When was the French Occupation of the Ruhr?

A

11th January 1923

27
Q

What was the French Occupation of the Ruhr?

A
  • Germany can’t pay reparations
  • France invade the Ruhr because they were desperate (due to loans)
  • France used the Ruhr’s resources to repay their loans
28
Q

How did the occupation of the Ruhr affect Germany?

A
  • It triggered a state of emergency in Germany, and the government ordered workers strikes
  • The government printed more money to pay the workers, leading to hyperinflation
29
Q

When did The Occupation of the Ruhr end?

A

25th August 1925

30
Q

What is hyperinflation?

A

When more money is printed, so the value of money decreases

31
Q

Negative effects of hyperinflation

A
  • Money became worthless, so Germany couldn’t trade with other countries
  • Shortages of goods and food
  • Some people raided shops instead of stealing money
  • Lots of poverty and crime
  • Pensioners suffered
32
Q

Positive effects of hyperinflation

A
  • People with loans and mortgages were paid off
  • Some people hoarded goods and sold them for large profits
  • The currency of foreign visitors was much higher than German marks
  • Farmers’ goods went up in price

History: Weimar Germany (1 decks)

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