the early republic content Flashcards
what unity came from the end of the war?
very little, no unifying and powerful governments emerged, instead the army relied on 13 individually self governing colonies
what did the articles of confederation avoid?
using terms such as united government
what did the articles of confederation allow for?
national army, paper money, national commander and obligation to serve and negotiations with foreign powers
what didn’t the articles allow for
-raise taxes
-imposing taxes
-no uniform law
-no war cabinet
-state governments, not central
what were the main issues in the early days of the early republic
-limitations of the articles
-division
-desire for liberty
-debt
-expansion
-differences between N and S
-Uncertainty
why was division an issue in early days?
-loyalists divided from patriots
-loyalists fleed to british canada to avoid persecution
-Elites divided from middle sort
-virtual civil war broke out in south over this
-divide between white and NA
-struggle to maintain liberty
why was desire for liberty an issue in early days?
-Jefferson saw overall american gov as unatural and uneccesary
-true liberty being free from state control
-little enthusiasm for a government
why was debt an issue in the early days?
-brought by the economic burden of war
-congress raised money by borrowing from abroad and individuals
-divided between creditors and debtors
-printed money, more money, more inflation, higher prices
why was expansion an issue in the early days?
-1780s, rapid population growth
-increased pressure to expand
-increased attacks on NA
-prospect of conflict with spain
-spain, florida, louisianna, stopped expansiona as they controlled mississippi
- law and order needed but not met
why was expansion an issue in the early days?
-1780s, rapid population growth
-increased pressure to expand
-increased attacks on NA
-prospect of conflict with spain
-spain, florida, louisianna, stopped expansiona as they controlled mississippi
- law and order needed but not met
why were problems between N and S an issue in the early days?
-slave economy developing differently to the trading and farming economy
-southern colonies deeply divided during war and may have led too seperate southern union.
why were problems between N and S an issue in the early days?
-slave economy developing differently to the trading and farming economy
-southern colonies deeply divided during war and may have led too seperate southern union.
why were problems between N and S an issue in the early days?
-slave economy developing differently to the trading and farming economy
-southern colonies deeply divided during war and may have led too seperate southern union.
why was uncertainty an issue in the early days?
-no certainty the republican form of gov would survive
-talks of a restored monarchy
what was the northwest ordinance
1787, the idea of creating new states in western land to free from slavery, jeffersons idea
-set up a way for territories to become intergrated into the union
-5000 a non voting rep could be sent to congress
-60,000 and it became a state, 1803 ohio was the first
fugitive slaves couldnt settle in the land, and slave owners had the right to capture
why and what was the philly conference
-increasing concern over new republic
-original plan to reform, not to start fresh
-
what was needed in the new republic
-tarrifs to protect goods
-restrict paper money, which was devaluing currency
-slave owners wanted to know that their ‘property’ was secure
-federal support in westward regions
-debts repayed
what was shays rebellion and its impact?
-farmers loosing land because of debt faced court proceedings
-protests led by army veterans still owed wages
-1500 farmers prevented court hearings
-blocked ways for judges
-disorders main reason for philly convention
-james madison, advocate for change
-
what was a major issue at the convention, why and what did they do?
slavery
-concerns about the cruelty
-40% southern population was slaves, economies depended on slave labour which was the ossue
-if slavery abolished, they would not accept new constitution
-not every mentioned directly as a result
3/5 agreement, to ensure south still had representation in house of representatives
-also meant they contributed more to federal budget which they didnt want
what was the solution to give the gov more power without enforcing across colonies?
-president
how did they prevent gov having too much power?
-a balance of power, special body, supreme court
-congress had to pass all laws affecting all states
-president could veto laws
-president could make key decisions in regards to peace and war
-president could be voted out after 4 years
-supreme court could block laws that seemed unconstitutional
how did they make sure rights of smaller states werent lost?
-two houses of the legislature
-the senate, 2 reps from each state, no matter the size always 2
-house of representatives, depended on the size, every 30,000 1 representative
-slaves 3/5 of 1 person
-contribution to budget also dependent on size, meaning smaller ones didn’t have an unfair financial burden
what was the great compromise
-Senate, every state 2 representative no matter the size
-house of representatives, every 30,000 white inhabitents, 1 representative
what was the 3/5th compromise
south wanted representation from house of representatives on slave population as was 40% of their pop, but didnt want to pay the money to the republic
slave made up 3/5ths of a person, so still contributed to population numbers
south still had to pay the payments
what did the federalists want?
-ratifying the constitution
-stronger national gov
-to protect the rights, not take away liberties
what were the federalist papers
series of essays, calling for ratification, james madison, john jay, hamilton.
what did the anti federalists want?
-opponants of constitution
-feared power elites would have in central gov positions
- believed state gov would be more responsive to needs of people
what was hamiltons 3 part economic plan
-debt should be funded, giving holders a stake in new gov
-state bank/ treasury
-tarrifs on imports
what was proposed with the national bank?
-Gov would hold 20%, making it the govs financial agent
-Other 80% would come from private investors
-Aid collection of taxes
what were the fears of the national bank?
-madison feared that it would allow few rich bankers to have undue influence over economy
-madison failed to block plan, wasnt considered in congress as unconstitutional
was hamiltons financial plan a success?
yes- restored public credit, productivity and propherity
no- didnt bring together the union as hoped
what was included in the American foreign and western policy 1893-96
-impact of french rev and beliefs
-washingtons neutrality proclomation
-jays treaty
-british problems
-pickneys treaty
what was the neurality proclomation
1793, USA would remain nuetral in conflicts between france and britain
-legal proceedings for americans who attempted either side
what were the problems with the british and what was the peace treaty called.
-hadnt completely left america
-ignored americas neutrality
-supplies NA with weapons
-Siezed ships
treaty of grenville 1794
what was the jays treaty
1794
-british evacuated posts in america
-GB forced to pay for ships, didnt pay for slaves
-angered south
-jeffersonians wanted war
-washington refused
what was the pickney treaty
1795
-established friendly relations, would respect borders
-given rights to mississippi river
-defined border between us and florida
-Wouldnt use NA against one another
what was washingtons policy towards NA
-1798 wanted a fair policy towards NA
-sovreign of NA homelands, eventually intergrating them into america
-stopped tresspassing
-hard to hold back surge of white settlers
-south werent happy having some of their land sold
what was the whiskey insurrection
-huge tax on liquor
-tax led to uprisings and riots
-mock guillotines
-washington used militia
what were the bill of rights
-right to freedom
-right to bare arms
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