THE EAR:HEARING

Question 1

Tympanic membrane is connected to the cochlea by?

Answer 1

3 auditory oscilles: malleus,incus, and stapes

Question 2

The ____ connect the middle ear to the pharynx

Answer 2

Eustachian Tubes

Question 3

outer ear?

Answer 3

pinna and ear canal, terminating to: tympanic membrane

Question 4

where does sound transduction take place?

Answer 4

Cochlea

Question 5

The frequency of the sound is perceived as__

Answer 5

pitch

Question 6

The intensity of the sound is perceived as___

Answer 6

volume

Question 7

3 main structures that make up cochlea

Answer 7

vestibular duct, cochlear duct, and tympanic duct

Question 8

Vestibular and tympanic structures are all filled with

Answer 8

perilymph fluid

Question 9

Cochlear ducts are filled with

Answer 9

Endolymph fluid

Question 10

found on the top of the cochlear duct. separates it from vestibular duct

Answer 10

Reissner’s membrane

Question 11

found along the bottom of the cochlear duct seprating it from tympanic duct

Answer 11

Basilar membrane

Question 12

The___ do transduction of sound from pressure waves to APs

Answer 12

hair cells of Organ of Corti

Question 13

____ opens ion channels ( from mechanical movement to electrical movement)

Answer 13

Movement of stereocillia

Question 14

Hair cells have ___- projections that can move with sound-induced pressure waves.

Answer 14

Sterocillia

Question 15

What does the movement of sterocillia cause?

Answer 15

-depolarization: Increased Ca+2 influx= increased Ca+2 in the cytosol= Exocytosis of NT

Question 16

how many transductions are involved in this process?

Answer 16

5 total:
- Mechanical Sound wave
- fluid pressure wave
- hair-cell electrical signal
- Nt-signal
= AP's

Question 17

APs that acrry sound information project to Medulla by__

Answer 17

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN 8)

Question 18

APs stages

Answer 18

Medulla-Thalamus-Auditory Cortex (Temporal Lobe)

Question 19

2 types of vestibular appartus

Answer 19

semi-circular Canals and Otolith Organs

Question 20

___ of the ear is responsible for our “senses” of balance, equilibrium, and position in space.

Answer 20

Vestibular Apparatus

Question 21

3 types of semicircular

Answer 21

-posterior, superior, and horizontal canal

Question 22

senses s head tilt toward shoulder.

Answer 22

posterior canal

Question 23

senses head rocking front to back, like nodding “yes.”

Answer 23

Superior canal

Question 24

senses head rotation, like shaking “no.”

Answer 24

Horizontal Canal

Question 25

Each semicircular canal contain:

Answer 25

Ampulla that hold Cristae

Question 26

mass of hair cells enclosed in gel mass (cupula)

Answer 26

Crista

Question 27

Upon movement, the capulla always moves in the ___ direction of movement

Answer 27

opposite

Question 28

The movement of cappulla in opposite direction pulls ___ to open ion-channels that releases NT

Answer 28

cillia of hair cells

Question 29

senses linear acceleration and head position

Answer 29

Otolith organs