The Dynamic Ocean

Question 1

Ocean Current

Answer 1

Mass of water that flow within an ocean

Question 2

Factors Effecting Currents

Answer 2

Wind
Continents
Gyre
Friction 
Coriolis Affect
Gravity

Question 3

Coriolis Effect

Answer 3

the deflection of the path of a moving object cause by earth rotation.
To the right in the northern hemisphere
To the left in the southern hemisphere

Question 4

Gyre

Answer 4

large circular ocean current

Question 5

Parts of the Shore

Answer 5

Shore line – line where water meets the land.
Fore shore – area exposed when tide is out and submerged when the tide is in.
Near Shore – area between the shore line at low tide and where waves break.
Off Shore – area seaward of the near shore.

Question 6

Wave

Answer 6

Energy traveling through water.

Have vertical motion, but no horizontal motion

Question 7

Parts of a Wave

Answer 7

Crest – top of wave
Trough – bottom of wave
Wave height – Distance between crest and trough
Wave length – distance between two adjacent crests
Wave base – lowest depth of influence of wave (equal to ½ wave length)

Question 8

Changes in a wave as it approaches the shore

Answer 8

In open ocean, waves have no effect
As wave approaches shore velocity decreases
Wave length decreases
Wave height increases

Question 9

Breach Drift

Answer 9

movement of sediment along a beach face by wave action

Question 10

Longshore Current

Answer 10

mild current that flow parallel to the shore

Question 11

Wave refraction

Answer 11

bending of waves

Question 12

Erosive shoreline features

Answer 12

Wave cut cliff
Sea arches
Sea Stack

Question 13

Depositional shoreline features

Answer 13

Spit - an elongated ridge of sand that projects from the land into the mouth of an adjacent bay
Bay mouth bar - a sandbar that completely crosses the mouth of a bay
Tom bolo - a ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland
Barrier Island - low ridges of sand parallel to the coast.

Question 14

Hard stabilization

Answer 14

Jetty - rock wall built perpendicular to shore
increase deposition on up beach side, increase erosion on down beach side
Breakwater - Rock wall built parallel to the shore, but off shore
Increase deposition behind the wall.
Sea wall - rock wall built parallel to the shore, along the shore
increase erosion on seaward side.

Question 15

Soft stabilization

Answer 15

Beach Nourishment - import sand to a beach. Improves beach quality
erosion removes imported sand
Very expensive
adverse environmental effects
Relocation
relocating storm damaged or at risk buildings

Question 16

Ocean water

Answer 16

Average salinity 3.5%
Sources:
Rivers and streams
Volcanoes

Question 17

Factors affecting salinity

Answer 17

Decrease:
Rivers and streams
Precipitation
Melting sea ice
Increase:
Evaporation
Formation of sea ice

Question 18

Thermocline

Answer 18

With depth temperature decreases

Question 19

Pycnocline

Answer 19

With depth density increases

Question 20

Layers of the Ocean

Answer 20

Mixing Zone
Transition Zone
Deep Zone

Question 21

Factors affecting Density

Answer 21

Temperature

Salinity