The Discrete Trial

Question 1

What is the Discrete Trial?

Answer 1

1. an instructional technique that has a clear beginning and ending
2. made up of 3-term contingency: antecedent, response, and consequence

Question 2

What is Antecedent?

Answer 2

what is happening prior to behavior

Question 3

What is Behavior?

Answer 3

what a person does or says

Question 4

What is Consequence?

Answer 4

what happens immediately after a behavior. Increases future frequency of a response

Question 5

What is the Stimulus?

Answer 5

anything one sees, hears, smells, tastes or feels

Question 6

What is SD?

Answer 6

discriminative stimulus. a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced, and in the absence of which that responds will not be reinforced

Question 7

Example of a Visual SD?

Answer 7

photo of a ____

Question 8

Example of a Verbal SD?

Answer 8

“what is your name?”

Question 9

Example of BOTH a Visual and Verbal Sd?

Answer 9

“What is it?” while holding an apple

Question 10

What are the SD guiidelines?

Answer 10

• have child’s attention before you present SD
• avoid presenting child’s name w/ SD
• avoid giving another SD w/o giving consequence
• change target SD only when supervisor instructs you to do so
• initially, SD should be clear and concise
• child should respond only when full SD is present

Question 11

What is the EO?

Answer 11

Establishing Operation

Question 12

Define the EO

Answer 12

a condition that makes an item or activity more reinforcing, and evokes responses that produce that item or activity

Question 13

What’s an example of an EO?

Answer 13

Deprivation: Hunger
Satiation: full - satisfied

Question 14

What is Response?

Answer 14

the specific instance of a particular behavior

Question 15

What are 3 categories of Responses?

Answer 15

Correct response (C)
Incorrect Response (I)
No Response (NR)

Question 16

What are guidelines for Responses?

Answer 16

• therapist must be consistent with what is considered a correct response
• extraneous behaviors should be absent
• limit time between SD & R to 3 seconds

Question 17

What are the 2 possible Consequences?

Answer 17

1. Reinforcement

2. Error Correction

Question 18

What is SR?

Answer 18

the reinforcer. the stimulus that is presented or removed

Question 19

Categories of Reinforcers?

Answer 19

1. primary/unlearned (food, drinks)

2. secondary/learned (praise, rough-housing, toys, tokens, a break)

Question 20

Deprivation of a reinforcer _____ its effectiveness.

Satiation of a reinforcer _____ its effectiveness.

Answer 20

1. Increases

2. Decreases

Question 21

Guidelines for delivering Reinforcers

Answer 21

• limit free access to reinforcers and instead deliver reinforcers contingent on a target response
• conduct preference assessments frequently!
• deliver SR within 1/2 second of R
• SR should be easy to give and remove
• establish conditioned reinforcers (pair neutral stimuli like praise with effective forms of reinforcement like yoga ball/video games, etc
• provide frequent reinforcement for appropriate behavior throughout the session for appropriate behavior

Question 22

How often to I provide the SR?

Answer 22

Continuous Reinforcement

Intermittent Reinforcement

Question 23

What is Continuous Reinforcement?

Answer 23

Used for teaching new behaviors. Reinforcement occurs following EVERY correct response

Question 24

What is Intermittent Reinforcement?

Answer 24

Used to maintain behaviors that are mastered. Reinforcement occurs after every 2, 3, 4, 5 correct responses

Question 25

Early vs. Later Stages of IBT program

Answer 25

• Move from Primary to Secondary Reinforcement
• Move from Contrived to more Natural Reinforcement
• Move from Continuous to Intermittent Reinforcement

Question 26

What is the Preference Assessment?

Answer 26

let child pick between stimuli and record which they prefer