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Year 1: Human Biology Term 2 > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what constitutes a balanced diet

A

Contains the proper quantities and proportions of the needed nutrients to maintain good health.

Must have balanced amounts in proper proportions of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water intake.

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2
Q

What are essential nutrients?

A

Essential Nutrients can only be obtained from food - not naturally produced by body

Required for the maintenance of heath.

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3
Q

List the 6 essential nutrient groups.

A

Water, Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals.

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4
Q

How do you calculate individual’s BMI?

A

Weight (kg)/ height2 (m2)

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5
Q
  1. Identify the five food groups.
A
  • Milk, Yoghurt and cheese group
  • Meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs and nuts group (proteins)
  • Vegetable group
  • Fruit Group
  • Bread, cereal, rice and pasta group
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6
Q

What is the most concentrated form of energy?

A

Lipids (fats)

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7
Q

What is the function carbohydrates?

A

Immediate source of metabolic fuel, stored as glycogen in liver, used for antigens (glycoproteins) on cell surface.

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8
Q

What is the function proteins?

A

Insoluble fibrous proteins (i.e. collagen and elastin).

Globular proteins have functional groups which allows it to be soluble.

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9
Q

What is the functions fats?

A

Storage form of energy – essential fatty acids and cholesterol in membranes. Most concentrated form of energy.

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10
Q

What is described as an Immediate source of metabolic fuel, stored as glycogen in liver, used for antigens (glycoproteins) on cell surface?

A

Carbohydrates

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11
Q

What is described as an Insoluble fibrous proteins (i.e. collagen and elastin).
Globular proteins have functional groups which allows it to be soluble?

A

Proteins

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12
Q

What is described as an Storage form of energy – essential fatty acids and cholesterol in membranes. Most concentrated form of energy?

A

Fats

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13
Q

What is the difference Triglycerides and cholesterol?

A

Triglycerides are made of 3 chains of fatty acids attached to a triglycerol

Cholesterol has a different structure

Both are lipids however Triglycerides are mostly found in body fat.

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14
Q

What is the difference Saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated fats contain only single bonds

unsaturated fats have at least one or more double bonds in its structure.

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15
Q

What is the difference - Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)?

A

HDL is mainly protein whereas LDL is mainly Lipids

HDL transport cholesterol from body tissue to the liver where it is recycled or excreted, LDL transport cholesterol from the liver to the blood where it circulates until it is need by cells.

HDL main purpose is to decrease total blood cholesterol when levels are high. LDL on the other hand increase to total blood cholesterol when levels are low.

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16
Q

What are essential fatty acids?

A

Essential Fatty Acids are required to maintain health however, they can not be synthesised by human and are instead taken from our diet.

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17
Q

Explain the difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins

A

Water soluble vitamins have hydrophilic properties which allows it to be dissolved in water whereas fat soluble vitamins have hydrophobic properties which means it’s only soluble in oils.

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18
Q

List the fat-soluble vitamins

A

List the fat-soluble vitamins

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19
Q

List the fat-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins A, D, E and K

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20
Q

List the water-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins B and C

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21
Q

What type of vitamin is vitamin A?

A

fat-soluble vitamins

22
Q

What type of vitamin is vitamin D?

A

fat-soluble vitamins

23
Q

What type of vitamin is vitamin E?

A

fat-soluble vitamins

24
Q

What type of vitamin is vitamin K?

A

fat-soluble vitamins

25
Q

What type of vitamin is vitamin B?

A

water-soluble vitamins

26
Q

What type of vitamin is vitamin C?

A

water-soluble vitamins

27
Q

What is the function of calcium?

A

Excites cell membranes, blood clotting, bones and teeth

28
Q

What is the function of phosphate?

A

Used for cell membranes, metabolism, DNA/RNA structure, bones and teeth

29
Q

What is the function of sodium?

A

Main extracellular electrolyte, excitation of cell membrane

30
Q

What is the function of Potassium?

A

Main intracellular electrolytes, excitation of cell membrane.

31
Q

What is the function of Iron?

A

Used for oxygen carrying pigments (haemoglobin, myoglobin)

32
Q

What is the function of Iodine?

A

Crucial part of thyroxin involved in metabolism

33
Q

Which mineral/ elements excites cell membranes, is involved in blood clotting, and maintaining bones and teeth?

A

Calcium

34
Q

Which mineral/ elements excites cell membranes, is involved in blood clotting, and maintaining bones and teeth?

A

Calcium

35
Q

Which mineral/ elements, used for maintaing cell membranes, metabolism, DNA/RNA structure, bones and teeth?

A

Phosphate

36
Q

Which mineral/ elements, is the main extracellular electrolyte, and involved in the excitation of the cell membrane?

A

Sodium

37
Q

Which mineral/ elements, is the main intracellular electrolyte, and involved in the excitation of the cell membrane?

A

potassium

38
Q

Which mineral/ elements is Used for oxygen carrying pigments (haemoglobin, myoglobin)?

A

Iron

39
Q

Which mineral/ element plays a crucial part in the production of thyroxin which is involved in metabolism?

A

Iodine

40
Q

Why is an intake of dietary fibre important?

A

Helps to make soft stool.

Allows us to pass more faeces since prolonged exposure to carcinogen can cause bowel cancer.

41
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

Large molecules from our diet which require digestion

42
Q

What is the name given to large molecules from our diet which require digestion?

A

macromolecules.

43
Q

State 3 macromolecules found in food.

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Fats
44
Q

What are micromolecules?

A

Small food particles which do not require digestion

45
Q

What is the name given to small food particles which do not require digestion?

A

Micromolecules.

46
Q

State 3 micromolecules found in food

A

Minerals

Trace elements

Water

47
Q

What is the point (purpose) in digesting food?

A
  • Disassembly process
  • Breakdown of complex to simple materials.
  • So our body can absorb the nutrients.
48
Q

What are the 2 basic processes involved in the digestion of food.?

A

Mechanical Breakdown

Chemical breakdown

49
Q

What is Mechanical breakdown?

A

-

50
Q

What is chemical breakdown?

A

-

Year 1: Human Biology Term 2 (1 decks)

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