The Digestive System Flashcards
Which two structures connect with the duodenum?
The liver and pancreas.
Bile comes from the liver or gall bladder (which stores and concentrates the bile)
Pancreatic juice from the pancreas.
What does bile contain?
Water
Alkali
Bile salts (to emulsify fat)
What does the water (drawn in from the ECF) do to chyme?
Makes the hypertonic chyme ISOTONIC.
True or false: chyme is acidic
True.
What do the enzymes of the pancreas and intestine do?
Cleave peptides to amino acids
Cleave polysaccharides to monosaccharides
Break down and re-form lipids
Break down nucleic acids
What is the lamina propria?
Loose connective tissue bearing blood and lymph vessels, some smooth muscle cells and many immune cells
What makes up a layer of mucosa?
Layer of epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa
What makes up the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Which part of the small intestine absorbs iron?
Duodenum
What does the jejunum absorb?
Most sugars
Amino acids
Fatty acids
What parts make up the large intestine
Caecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon
Where is most of the GI tract’s bacteria found?
In the colon.
Most of these are anaerobic and most are lost in the faeces
Thinking about the balance sheet of the gut, for every 1kg of food how many litres if fluid will we produce?
Around 14L. Mouth- 1.5l saliva Stomach- 2.5l gastric secretions Small intestine- 9l of water/alkali =14L (without including fluid we drink, around 1.5litres)
What control systems control motility and secretion?
Neural Paracrine (especially important in the stomach) Endocrine
What are the two neuronal plexuses of the gut wall?
The submucosal pleux (plexus of Meisser)
Myenteric plexus
