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The Cardiovascular System > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Adhesion

A

The formation of scar tissue between organs and abdominal tissues, which causes them to fuse together

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2
Q

Anastomosis

A

Connecting two parts of the intestine, or other tubes or channels, after the removal of a piece of one of the structres.

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3
Q

Aphagia

A

The inability to swallow; also, a refusal to swallow foods or liquids

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4
Q

Appendectomy

A

This is the surgical removal of the appendix, the tube-like structure at the end of the large intestine

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5
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix, which is usually accompanied by severe pain

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6
Q

Ascites

A

Buildup of fluid in the cavity that surrounds the abdominal organs, leading to swelling

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7
Q

Barium enema

A

An x-ray exam of the abdominal cavity after the injection of barium contrast dye into the rectum; used to look for abnormalities in the large intestine

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8
Q

Bile

A

Also known as gall, this is a dark green fluid made by the liver that helps with digestion. It is mostly composed of water, bile salts, bilirubin, and cholesterol

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9
Q

Bilirubin

A

This is a brownish yellow substance that forms during the normal breakdown of red blood cells in the body. This waste product is then carried in the plasma to the liver where it is excreted in the bile

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10
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

A surgical operation to remove the gallbladder, the organ located just under the liver

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11
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

The formation or presence of gallstones, which may block the bile duct and the removal of bile from the system, putting an individual at risk for infection

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12
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Liver Disease marked by cell degeneration, thickening of liver tissues, and inflammation; typically the result of hepatitis or chronic alcoholism

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13
Q

Colon

A

Commonly known as the large intestine, its primary function is to remove wastes from the body. It is composed of four parts: the descending, ascending, transverse, and sigmoid colon

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14
Q

Colonoscopy

A

A noninvasive procedure involving insertion of a tube into the rectum with a camera at the end of it to look for any abnormalities in the large intestine

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15
Q

Colostomy

A

A surgical procedure that creates an opening in the abdominal wall to divert a piece of healthy colon to bypass a damaged portion of the colon so that fecal matter does not leak into the bloodstream

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16
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

This is a form of inflammatory bowel disease marked by digestive tract inflammation, severe abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, malnutrition, and weight loss

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17
Q

Diverticulosis

A

A condition marked by multiple small pouches, or diverticula, in the intestine, without any inflammation

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18
Q

Diverticulum

A

A pouch or sac that is formed on the wall of the digestive tract at a weak point of tissue

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19
Q

Duodenum

A

This is the first and shortest part of the small intestine, which receives digested food from the stomach and helps prepare those chemicals for absorption

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20
Q

Dysentery

A

An intestinal infection marked by severe diarrhea and blood or mucus in the stool

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21
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Another word for indigestion, which is difficult or painful digestion of food or liquid leading to heartburn, reflux, vomiting, bloating, or gassiness

22
Q

Dysphagia

A

Swallowing discomfort or difficulty, usually a symptom of another disease

23
Q

Emesis

A

Votiming

24
Q

Endoscopy

A

A procedure to look inside the body or organ using a surgical instrument called an endoscope

25
Q

Esophagus

A

The tube used for swallowing, connecting the throat to the stomach

26
Q

Excise

A

A term to describe cutting something out completely; for example , excising a hemorroid

27
Q

Gallbladder

A

A small pouch under the liver that stores the bile that is not directly secreted into the small intestine for later use

28
Q

Gallstones

A

Stones formed by digestive fluid that settle in the gallbladder

29
Q

Gingivitis

A

Swelling or inflammation in the gums

30
Q

Heartburn

A

A symptom of indigestion marked by a burning sensation in the chest, generally caused by regurgitation

31
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver, which comes in many types with various symptoms and causes

32
Q

IBS

A

Irritable bowel syndrome. It is a chronic condition in the large intestine that causes pain, gas, bloating, diarrhea or constipation, and cramping; there are no changes to the tissues in the digestive tract

33
Q

Ileum

A

This is the portion of the small intestine, which serves to help vitamin B12, bile salts, and anything else that was not absorbed by the second part of the small intestine, the jejunum

34
Q

Jejunum

A

The second or middle part of the small intestine, which serves to absorb most of the nutrients from digested food

35
Q

Laparacopy

A

A procedure that inserts a small tubular surgical instrument with a camera at the end of it into an incision to view organs and body parts

36
Q

Melena

A

Dark stools caused by the presence of blood from the digestive tract

37
Q

Melena

A

Dark stools caused by the presence of blood from the digestive tract

38
Q

Paracentesis

A

Removal of fluid in the abdomen through a surgical needle puncture

39
Q

Peptic Ulcer

A

A break in the tissue lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or first part of the duodenum

40
Q

Peritoneal

A

Pertaining to the peritoneum, a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity, covering and cushioning the organs

41
Q

Polyp

A

A growth from the lining of a mucous membrane; it typically has a stalk

42
Q

Proctology

A

The study of the rectum and anus

43
Q

Reflux

A

This is short for acid reflux, where stomach acids or contents backflow into the esophagus, creating heartburn and pain

44
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

A procedure using a flexible tube instrument inserted into the anus to view the lower portion of the large intestine, which is called sigmoid

45
Q

Soft palate

A

The flexible and fleshy part on the roof, near the back of the throat

46
Q

Sphincter

A

A ring of muscle that serves as a guard for a tube, opening and closing to make sure no foreign material gets into the tube or opening

47
Q

Steastosis

A

Fatty liver caused by malnutrition, alcoholism, or drug therapy

48
Q

Strictures

A

Abdominal narrowing of an opening or body cavity. It may be due to inflammation, scar tissue formation, or cancer.

49
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

This is a type of inflammatory bowel disease marked by chronic ulcers and inflammation in the lining of the lower digestive tract

50
Q

Upper GI series

A

A radiographic study using contrast dye to look for any sign of inflammation or abnormalities in the upper GI tract including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

The Cardiovascular System (3 decks)

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