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The digestive system > The digestive system > Flashcards

The digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

What are carbohydrates made of?

A

Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

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2
Q

What does digestive juice contain?

A

Hydrochloride acid and enzyme pepsin

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3
Q

What do Proteins contain?

A

Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

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4
Q

What can enzymes not break down?

A

Fiber in food

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5
Q

____ have not been digested when they reach the small intestine

A

fats

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6
Q

Where does the large intestine end?

A

In the rectum.

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7
Q

Where are fats digested?

A

The small intestine.

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8
Q

What type of vitamin can your skin make when it’s exposed to sunlight?

A

vitamin D

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9
Q

________ are nutrients that are not made by living things

A

Minerals

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10
Q

What happens to the materials that aren’t absorbed in the large intestine?

A

The get eliminated from the body

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11
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine

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12
Q

What does it mean when a vitamin is fat-soluble?

A

They dissolve in fat and are stored in fatty tissue.

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13
Q

What are peptides?

A

A large chain of amino acids.

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14
Q

How much of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates?

A

About 45% to 65%

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15
Q

You should drink around __ liters of water every day to stay healthy

A

2

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16
Q

What type of fat is liquid at room temperature?

A

Unsaturated fats.

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17
Q

What’s the esophagus?

A

It’s a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

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18
Q

What type of fat is solid at room temperature?

A

Saturated fats

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19
Q

What is an example of a Saturated fat?

A

Meat

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20
Q

What are the six types of nutrients people need?

A

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.

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21
Q

What are simple carbohydrates?

A

Simple carbohydrates are called sugars.

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22
Q

Where does most chemical digestion happen?

A

In the small intestine

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23
Q

The _____________ eliminates materials that are not absorbed.

A

The large intestine

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24
Q

Where does Mechanical digestion begin?

A

In the mouth

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25
Q

What’s bile?

A

A substance that breaks up fat particles.

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26
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

Chemical and Mechanical

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27
Q

What does the pancreas produce to help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

A

Digestive enzymes.

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28
Q

Where is the mechanical digestion completed?

A

Stomach

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29
Q

Where are proteins digested?

A

In the stomach

30
Q

What do fats do?

A

Form part of the cell membrane, protect your organs, and insulates your body.

31
Q

The building block of proteins are called what?

A

Amino acids

32
Q

_________ Is the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood.

A

Absorption

33
Q

What does your body need Proteins for?

A

For growth and tissue repair

34
Q

What does the epiglottis do?

A

It seals off your windpipe and prevents food from entering the lungs.

35
Q

Why is chemical digestion needed?

A

To help break down the food into smaller bits.

36
Q

What are three types of minerals?

A

Calcium, iron, and magnesium

37
Q

Nutrients that are not made by living things are called ___________

A

minerals

38
Q

What is the most important nutrient?

A

Water

39
Q

________ is the fluid released by salivary glands when you eat.

A

Saliva

40
Q

The small intensive makes up how much of the length of the digestive system?

A

2/3

41
Q

______________ vitamins dissolve in water and are not storied in the body.

A

Water-soluble

42
Q

What are complex carbohydrates?

A

Complex carbohydrates are made up of many linked sugar molecules. Such as Starches, Potatoes, rice, what, and corn. Fiber is another complex carbohydrate in plants.

43
Q

How much of your daily Calories should come from Fats?

A

30%

44
Q

What are three things inside the small intestine that help to complete chemical digestion?

A

The liver, pancreas, and lining of the small intenstine.

45
Q

An _________ is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.

A

Enzyme

46
Q

What are fats made of?

A

Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

47
Q

Hydrochloride acid + pepsin does what?

A

Digests proteins

48
Q

What do enzyme pepsin’s do?

A

Chemically digest proteins into short chains of amino acids.

49
Q

What type of fat is made by adding hydrogen to vegetable oils?

A

Trans fat

50
Q

Where does most absorption occur?

A

Small intestine.

51
Q

How much of a persons body should be made of water?

A

65%

52
Q

What the three kinds of fats?

A

Saturated, unsaturated, and trans.

53
Q

How much of your daily calorie intake should come from proteins?

A

About 10 to 35 percent.

54
Q

What does water help with in the body?

A

Body temperature and removes wastes.

55
Q

The esophagus is lined with _____

A

Mucus

56
Q

What is an example of an Unsaturated fat?

A

Cooking oils

57
Q

The _____ makes bile for the digestive system

A

Liver

58
Q

The __________ is the last section of the digestive system

A

the large intestine

59
Q

Waves of involuntary muscle contractions called ________ push food toward the stomach.

A

Peristalsis

60
Q

Bile is stored in what?

A

The gallbladder

61
Q

The small intestine is about __ meters

A

6

62
Q

The inner surface of the small intestine is folded into millions of tiny finger-shaped structures called _____

A

Villi

63
Q

________ do not provide the body with raw materials and energy. Instead ________ act as helper molecules in your body’s chemical reactions.

A

Vitamins

64
Q

What are the 3 functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination

65
Q

1 C =

A

1000 x c

66
Q

A ______ is the unit of measuring of energy released from a food source.

A

Calorie

67
Q

What are the two types of Vitamins?

A

Fat-soluble and Water-soluble

68
Q

The large intestine has _______ that feed on the materials passing through.

A

Bacteria

69
Q

__________ are made up of small, linked units called amino acids

A

Proteins

70
Q

What’s Cholesterol?

A

A waxy, fat like substance found in products from animals.

71
Q

Your _____ produces all the cholesterol that the body needs.

A

Liver

The digestive system (3 decks)

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