The digestive system Flashcards
What are carbohydrates made of?
Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
What does digestive juice contain?
Hydrochloride acid and enzyme pepsin
What do Proteins contain?
Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
What can enzymes not break down?
Fiber in food
____ have not been digested when they reach the small intestine
fats
Where does the large intestine end?
In the rectum.
Where are fats digested?
The small intestine.
What type of vitamin can your skin make when it’s exposed to sunlight?
vitamin D
________ are nutrients that are not made by living things
Minerals
What happens to the materials that aren’t absorbed in the large intestine?
The get eliminated from the body
Where is the pancreas located?
Between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine
What does it mean when a vitamin is fat-soluble?
They dissolve in fat and are stored in fatty tissue.
What are peptides?
A large chain of amino acids.
How much of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates?
About 45% to 65%
You should drink around __ liters of water every day to stay healthy
2
What type of fat is liquid at room temperature?
Unsaturated fats.
What’s the esophagus?
It’s a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
What type of fat is solid at room temperature?
Saturated fats
What is an example of a Saturated fat?
Meat
What are the six types of nutrients people need?
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
What are simple carbohydrates?
Simple carbohydrates are called sugars.
Where does most chemical digestion happen?
In the small intestine
The _____________ eliminates materials that are not absorbed.
The large intestine
Where does Mechanical digestion begin?
In the mouth
What’s bile?
A substance that breaks up fat particles.
What are the two types of digestion?
Chemical and Mechanical
What does the pancreas produce to help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Digestive enzymes.
Where is the mechanical digestion completed?
Stomach
Where are proteins digested?
In the stomach
What do fats do?
Form part of the cell membrane, protect your organs, and insulates your body.
The building block of proteins are called what?
Amino acids
_________ Is the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood.
Absorption
What does your body need Proteins for?
For growth and tissue repair
What does the epiglottis do?
It seals off your windpipe and prevents food from entering the lungs.
Why is chemical digestion needed?
To help break down the food into smaller bits.
What are three types of minerals?
Calcium, iron, and magnesium
Nutrients that are not made by living things are called ___________
minerals
What is the most important nutrient?
Water
________ is the fluid released by salivary glands when you eat.
Saliva
The small intensive makes up how much of the length of the digestive system?
2/3
______________ vitamins dissolve in water and are not storied in the body.
Water-soluble
What are complex carbohydrates?
Complex carbohydrates are made up of many linked sugar molecules. Such as Starches, Potatoes, rice, what, and corn. Fiber is another complex carbohydrate in plants.
How much of your daily Calories should come from Fats?
30%
What are three things inside the small intestine that help to complete chemical digestion?
The liver, pancreas, and lining of the small intenstine.
An _________ is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.
Enzyme
What are fats made of?
Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
Hydrochloride acid + pepsin does what?
Digests proteins
What do enzyme pepsin’s do?
Chemically digest proteins into short chains of amino acids.
What type of fat is made by adding hydrogen to vegetable oils?
Trans fat
Where does most absorption occur?
Small intestine.
How much of a persons body should be made of water?
65%
What the three kinds of fats?
Saturated, unsaturated, and trans.
How much of your daily calorie intake should come from proteins?
About 10 to 35 percent.
What does water help with in the body?
Body temperature and removes wastes.
The esophagus is lined with _____
Mucus
What is an example of an Unsaturated fat?
Cooking oils
The _____ makes bile for the digestive system
Liver
The __________ is the last section of the digestive system
the large intestine
Waves of involuntary muscle contractions called ________ push food toward the stomach.
Peristalsis
Bile is stored in what?
The gallbladder
The small intestine is about __ meters
6
The inner surface of the small intestine is folded into millions of tiny finger-shaped structures called _____
Villi
________ do not provide the body with raw materials and energy. Instead ________ act as helper molecules in your body’s chemical reactions.
Vitamins
What are the 3 functions of the digestive system?
Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination
1 C =
1000 x c
A ______ is the unit of measuring of energy released from a food source.
Calorie
What are the two types of Vitamins?
Fat-soluble and Water-soluble
The large intestine has _______ that feed on the materials passing through.
Bacteria
__________ are made up of small, linked units called amino acids
Proteins
What’s Cholesterol?
A waxy, fat like substance found in products from animals.
Your _____ produces all the cholesterol that the body needs.
Liver
