The development of British Hegmony In America

Question 1

Evidence the colonies were autonomous

Answer 1

50% white males could vote GB 15%

British rule like central control

Solitary neglect GB didn’t wanna stir up trouble as there are 3000 miles away

Lower houses were elected

Question 2

Evidence of British rule

Answer 2

Governors had big power (appointed by GB, responsible for internal admin)

Upper house appointed by the governor (colonial elite)

Governor could veto lower house decisions

Privy council had joined authority with the crown

 Colonial supervision rest of the board of trade advising cloning appointments and reviewed colonial legislation

Question 3

How much were the colonies linked to Britian?
Nature of trade and economy

Answer 3

1650 to 1770 cloudy economy grew 3.2% each year: due to…
Expansion of intercolonial trade and with Britain and the Empire
Money from Britain,
Increase population
Availability of land

Tobacco products from the south

Middle colonies major source of wheat and flower 

Lucy provided opportunities


Question 4

How much were the colonies linked to Britain? mercantilism = serve the economic interests of the mother country

Answer 4

Colonies existed to supply raw materials buy manufactured goods

1651-73 trading navigation acts were designed to establish English monopoly

Laws to restrict colonial manufacturing (woollen act)

European goods to go to Britain before America

Certain numerator commodities only exported from the colonies to England even if They were going somewhere else 

Question 5

How much for the colonies linked to Britain: impact of the merchantilism system

Answer 5

Americans didn’t complain as it wasn’t well enforced
Navigation acts leave it high duties but were collected
Rules are relaxed between 1721-42
Laws restricting production had little effect
Merchantalism is in benefit of colonies- protected market

Question 6

Colonial society:

Wealthy elite

Answer 6

Lack titles and possessions of British aristocracy

Hard-working capitalists capital was tied up in land

Question 7

Colonial society: Professionals

Answer 7

Ministers, lawyers, doctors, schoolmasters

Question 8

Colonial society: freeholders

Answer 8

80% were farmers working between 50 and 500 Acers of land

2/3 of population shopkeepers/self-employed in towns

Question 9

Colonial society
Landless labour is

Answer 9

Range from tenant farmers to slaves

1/3 of land was fine by tenants
1/5 of white men were landless labourers



Question 10

Colonial society woman

Answer 10

Male as head of family women denied political and civil rights like in Britain (no right to property)

Question 11

Colonial society slaves

Answer 11

could be bought and sold
Worked on plantations growing tobacco/rice



Question 12

American society

Answer 12

Blossoming middle class due to availability of land
Hierarchal

Education encouraged 1763 75% of white men were literate (GB 60%)

Printing press and booksellers were common

Religion was important most were protestants

Diversity of religious group meant tolerance was needed to Catholics

Question 13

What were the difference between British French and Spanish colonies ?
Where 

Answer 13

France: Mississippi river and lands from Gulf of Mexico to Canada

Spain: Parts of Southwest and Florida

GB: Last major European power to colonise North America

Question 14

What were the difference between British French and Spanish colonies ? Economic

Answer 14

France: aim was to supply France with raw materials (Fur and fish)

Spain: Had very few settlers in the hindered any attempts to grow their economies

GB; merhcantilsim

Question 15

What were the difference between British French and Spanish colonies ? Social

Answer 15

France: Low population of new France and Louisiana compare to GB
1750s no more than 60,000 French settlers (1m in GB)
Reluctant to let migrants from other countries and different regions

Spain: Reluctant to let immigrants in from other countries of different religions

GB: More tolerant and open to migrants from different countries and religions

Question 16

What were the difference between British French and Spanish colonies ? Political?

Answer 16

France : goodbye divine right an absolutist monarchy maintaining tight control and demanding of colonies
Large amount of tax

Spain: Wanted spread of Catholicism where is migrants to the British colonies fled religious persecution
Spanish power declining

GB: Solitary Neglect

British settlers fearful of coming under French control

Question 17

What were the difference between British French and Spanish colonies ?
Relationship with native Americans

Answer 17

France: Close contact and positive
Made attempts to adopt their lifestyle
Close economic relationship
Join forces with them to destroy villages

GB: not a good relationship
NA joined with French to raid n attack western borders of GB colonies
Didn’t trust NA “savages refused to make agreements

Question 18

How successfully did Britain expand its territory in North America between 1740-1763
Previous conflicts

Answer 18

British settlers on the east coast keen to expand influence for trade
French wanted to restrict GB influence

Wars: War of the league of Augsburg 1689 to 97 (king wills war)

War of Spanish succession 1702-13

War of Austrian succession 1748 1748


Question 19

War of Austrian succession 1740 to 1748 (King Georges war)

Answer 19

In colonial militia did most of fighting, British navy help tip the balance preventing France and Spain helping.

Took a toll on Northern colonies 
Louis burgers return to France three years later in exchange for madras(India)

New Englanders outraged as they contributed
GB government paid them 180,000 to acknowledge Massachusetts

Peace treaty did little to end lingering enmity



Question 20

The Albany Congress
Britain expansion in North America between 1740-1763

Answer 20

Temporary truce, France and JB came to expand into Ohio Valley

Solitary neglect and poor relations with Native Americans equalled a weaker Position for Britain

Albany congress to improve relations but failed to reach agreements with NA tribes 

Question 21

 Britain expansion in NA between 1740-1763
Fort duquesne

Answer 21

 1753-54 Virginia planters organised Ohio company and secured 200,000 acres from GB Beyond Al Pacino mountains which conflict France

Fort Prince George GB
1754 V sent GW to stop French

When he arrived the French had seized before and renamed it for disc

General Braddock with 2000 troops but killed in ambush

Red uniforms easy targets

GB failed to recontrol Ohio valley as NA prefer French



Question 22

The seven years war 1756-63 (French and Indian war

Answer 22

Britain declared war on France 1756

Bad defeats lakes off onTarrio n George - do you to Colony unity and assemblies and concerned with the threat to remote frontiers

Pit call to power in 1756 and sent 25,000 troops and paid for 25,000 more

GB ceased French forts n territory ( captured Quebec)
Treaty of Paris 1763 Britain gain Canada in French possessions east of Mississippi along with Florida from Spain

Question 23

Consequences of seven years war

Answer 23

Britain became worlds greatest Imperial power and control in North America the Caribbean and most of India

Soldiers became trained and experienced who is the latest survey American army

Question 24

Seven years war consequences
William Pitt

Answer 24

Strong control over policy and admin

Deployed aggressive commanders in America

Understood need for colonial support and paid for quipping improvising colonial militias

Reimburse Claire new assemblies for expenditures Creating an Incentive for the war

I demand for 7000 Cochise was met with me tonight after pits policies they are prepared to provide 20,000



Question 25

French and Indian war
Finances

Answer 25

Pitt payed pressure to keep France forces coming to America

Pit spent money no matter what to win

Parliamentary government made it easier for tax increases and loans unlike French

GB undoubtedly help support the war effort financial

Question 26

Seven years war 1756 to 63

British navy

Answer 26

Prevented France and Spain from sending reinforcements as stronger

If this carried on they could not suppress resistance

Naval strategy preventing resupplying new France ( starvation)

Naval supremacy= capture of Lewisburg in 1756 n Quebec 1759

Question 27

The seven years war 1756- 63
Role of the native Americans

Answer 27

help in French defeat general Braddock n other settilments

Britain began to cultivate friendships late in war

Britain only European superpower to supply Native Americans with goods their support was easy to gain



Question 28

The seven years war 1756 to 63

Role of colonists

Answer 28

Enthusiasm of war was lost due to the arrogance of Braddock and Loudon

Not matter the rank GB officers took precedence over colonial officers. Pitt reversed this

Pet revived enthusiasm and patronism

Colonial troops had limited role in fighting but helped build roads and forts

Question 29

The seven years war 1756 to 63
French weaknesses

Answer 29

Small number of French colonists relied on French

Once Britain gain naval supremacy in French unable to supply colonist in New France along with poor harvest 1756-57

Lots of naval access impacted French assistant to Native Americans who couldn’t count on there support