The development of British Hegmony In America Flashcards
Evidence the colonies were autonomous
50% white males could vote GB 15%
British rule like central control
Solitary neglect GB didn’t wanna stir up trouble as there are 3000 miles away
Lower houses were elected
Evidence of British rule
Governors had big power (appointed by GB, responsible for internal admin)
Upper house appointed by the governor (colonial elite)
Governor could veto lower house decisions
Privy council had joined authority with the crown
 Colonial supervision rest of the board of trade advising cloning appointments and reviewed colonial legislation
How much were the colonies linked to Britian?
Nature of trade and economy
1650 to 1770 cloudy economy grew 3.2% each year: due to…
Expansion of intercolonial trade and with Britain and the Empire
Money from Britain,
Increase population
Availability of land
Tobacco products from the south
Middle colonies major source of wheat and flower 
Lucy provided opportunities

How much were the colonies linked to Britain? mercantilism = serve the economic interests of the mother country
Colonies existed to supply raw materials buy manufactured goods
1651-73 trading navigation acts were designed to establish English monopoly
Laws to restrict colonial manufacturing (woollen act)
European goods to go to Britain before America
Certain numerator commodities only exported from the colonies to England even if They were going somewhere else 
How much for the colonies linked to Britain: impact of the merchantilism system
Americans didn’t complain as it wasn’t well enforced
Navigation acts leave it high duties but were collected
Rules are relaxed between 1721-42
Laws restricting production had little effect
Merchantalism is in benefit of colonies- protected market
Colonial society:
Wealthy elite
Lack titles and possessions of British aristocracy
Hard-working capitalists capital was tied up in land
Colonial society: Professionals
Ministers, lawyers, doctors, schoolmasters
Colonial society: freeholders
80% were farmers working between 50 and 500 Acers of land
2/3 of population shopkeepers/self-employed in towns
Colonial society
Landless labour is
Range from tenant farmers to slaves
1/3 of land was fine by tenants
1/5 of white men were landless labourers

Colonial society woman
Male as head of family women denied political and civil rights like in Britain (no right to property)
Colonial society slaves
could be bought and sold
Worked on plantations growing tobacco/rice

American society
Blossoming middle class due to availability of land
Hierarchal
Education encouraged 1763 75% of white men were literate (GB 60%)
Printing press and booksellers were common
Religion was important most were protestants
Diversity of religious group meant tolerance was needed to Catholics
What were the difference between British French and Spanish colonies ?
Where 
France: Mississippi river and lands from Gulf of Mexico to Canada
Spain: Parts of Southwest and Florida
GB: Last major European power to colonise North America
What were the difference between British French and Spanish colonies ? Economic
France: aim was to supply France with raw materials (Fur and fish)
Spain: Had very few settlers in the hindered any attempts to grow their economies
GB; merhcantilsim
What were the difference between British French and Spanish colonies ? Social
France: Low population of new France and Louisiana compare to GB
1750s no more than 60,000 French settlers (1m in GB)
Reluctant to let migrants from other countries and different regions
Spain: Reluctant to let immigrants in from other countries of different religions
GB: More tolerant and open to migrants from different countries and religions
What were the difference between British French and Spanish colonies ? Political?
France : goodbye divine right an absolutist monarchy maintaining tight control and demanding of colonies
Large amount of tax
Spain: Wanted spread of Catholicism where is migrants to the British colonies fled religious persecution
Spanish power declining
GB: Solitary Neglect
British settlers fearful of coming under French control
What were the difference between British French and Spanish colonies ?
Relationship with native Americans
France: Close contact and positive
Made attempts to adopt their lifestyle
Close economic relationship
Join forces with them to destroy villages
GB: not a good relationship
NA joined with French to raid n attack western borders of GB colonies
Didn’t trust NA “savages refused to make agreements
How successfully did Britain expand its territory in North America between 1740-1763
Previous conflicts
British settlers on the east coast keen to expand influence for trade
French wanted to restrict GB influence
Wars: War of the league of Augsburg 1689 to 97 (king wills war)
War of Spanish succession 1702-13
War of Austrian succession 1748 1748

War of Austrian succession 1740 to 1748 (King Georges war)
In colonial militia did most of fighting, British navy help tip the balance preventing France and Spain helping.
Took a toll on Northern colonies 
Louis burgers return to France three years later in exchange for madras(India)
New Englanders outraged as they contributed
GB government paid them 180,000 to acknowledge Massachusetts
Peace treaty did little to end lingering enmity

The Albany Congress
Britain expansion in North America between 1740-1763
Temporary truce, France and JB came to expand into Ohio Valley
Solitary neglect and poor relations with Native Americans equalled a weaker Position for Britain
Albany congress to improve relations but failed to reach agreements with NA tribes 
 Britain expansion in NA between 1740-1763
Fort duquesne
 1753-54 Virginia planters organised Ohio company and secured 200,000 acres from GB Beyond Al Pacino mountains which conflict France
Fort Prince George GB
1754 V sent GW to stop French
When he arrived the French had seized before and renamed it for disc
General Braddock with 2000 troops but killed in ambush
Red uniforms easy targets
GB failed to recontrol Ohio valley as NA prefer French

The seven years war 1756-63 (French and Indian war
Britain declared war on France 1756
Bad defeats lakes off onTarrio n George - do you to Colony unity and assemblies and concerned with the threat to remote frontiers
Pit call to power in 1756 and sent 25,000 troops and paid for 25,000 more
GB ceased French forts n territory ( captured Quebec)
Treaty of Paris 1763 Britain gain Canada in French possessions east of Mississippi along with Florida from Spain
Consequences of seven years war
Britain became worlds greatest Imperial power and control in North America the Caribbean and most of India
Soldiers became trained and experienced who is the latest survey American army
Seven years war consequences
William Pitt
Strong control over policy and admin
Deployed aggressive commanders in America
Understood need for colonial support and paid for quipping improvising colonial militias
Reimburse Claire new assemblies for expenditures Creating an Incentive for the war
I demand for 7000 Cochise was met with me tonight after pits policies they are prepared to provide 20,000

French and Indian war
Finances
Pitt payed pressure to keep France forces coming to America
Pit spent money no matter what to win
Parliamentary government made it easier for tax increases and loans unlike French
GB undoubtedly help support the war effort financial
Seven years war 1756 to 63
British navy
Prevented France and Spain from sending reinforcements as stronger
If this carried on they could not suppress resistance
Naval strategy preventing resupplying new France ( starvation)
Naval supremacy= capture of Lewisburg in 1756 n Quebec 1759
The seven years war 1756- 63
Role of the native Americans
help in French defeat general Braddock n other settilments
Britain began to cultivate friendships late in war
Britain only European superpower to supply Native Americans with goods their support was easy to gain

The seven years war 1756 to 63
Role of colonists
Enthusiasm of war was lost due to the arrogance of Braddock and Loudon
Not matter the rank GB officers took precedence over colonial officers. Pitt reversed this
Pet revived enthusiasm and patronism
Colonial troops had limited role in fighting but helped build roads and forts
The seven years war 1756 to 63
French weaknesses
Small number of French colonists relied on French
Once Britain gain naval supremacy in French unable to supply colonist in New France along with poor harvest 1756-57
Lots of naval access impacted French assistant to Native Americans who couldn’t count on there support 
