The development of British hegemony in America

Question 1

What is a royal colony?

Answer 1

A colony governed by the crown directly through a governor and council appointed by it. Most of the colonies were royal.

Question 2

What is a proprietary colony?

Answer 2

Colonies where the crown had rested political authority in the hands of certain families like the Penns (Pennsylvania).

Question 3

What is a corporate colony?

Answer 3

A colony which possessed charters granted by the King, giving them extensive authority. Connecticut.

Question 4

What are the 4 New England colonies?

Answer 4

New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut

Question 5

What are the 4 Middle colonies?

Answer 5

New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware

Question 6

What are the 5 Southern colonies?

Answer 6

Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia

Question 7

What was the colonial governments responsible for?

Answer 7

Internal administration

Question 8

What are the two houses of colonial assemblies and what did they do?

Answer 8

Upper houses were appointed by the governor, chosen from colonial elite, members served as an advisory board to the governor.
Lower houses were elected, although they could be summoned and dismissed, their legislation could be vetoed by the governor

Question 9

What was British rule over the colonial governments?

Answer 9

The charters which set uo the colonies and government tied the colonies to the crown not parliament. Only in Royal colonies.

Question 10

What is the social hierarchy throughout the colonies?

Answer 10

Governors
Landowners
Workers
Women
Slaves/Native Americans

Question 11

What were the main economic occupation in New England colonies?

Answer 11

Molasses = rum
Shipbuilding
Fishing
Naval stores

Question 12

What were the main economic occupation in the Middle colonies?

Answer 12

Wheat and flour
Iron works

Question 13

What were the main economic occupation in the Southern colonies?

Answer 13

Tobacco
Lumber and timber

Question 14

What is salutary neglect?

Answer 14

Due to the distance between Britain and the colonies, they could not control American trade - so the colonies gained some autonomy

Question 15

What is mercantilism?

Answer 15

The system used by Britain to control the production of goods and trading patterns of American colonies - introduced by the Navigation Acts

Question 16

How did mercantilism benefit the colonies?

Answer 16

The system was loosely enforced.
American products enjoyed protected market of British Empire.
American shipping profited by exclusion of foreign ships from colonial trade.

Question 17

What impacts did smuggling have on Briton?

Answer 17

Easier to smuggle in America due to distance, and British estimated that £700,000 per year was brought into colonies illegally. Smuggling encourage ignoring British rule

Question 18

What impact did the Hat Act 1732 have on American economy?

Answer 18

It prohibited the export of colonial beaver hats. Had minimal impact.

Question 19

What impact did the Molasses Act 1733 have on American economy?

Answer 19

It imposed taxes on molasses, sugar, and rum from non-British foreign colonies. Forced British colonists in America to buy ‘British’ and not from French rivals.

Question 20

What impact did the Iron Act 1750 have on American economy?

Answer 20

It banned export of colonial iron outside the Empire. The prohibitions were disregarded, restricted growth of iron industry - which was minimal.

Question 21

What was the main differences between American and British society?

Answer 21

No titled nobility.
Larger percentage of landowner population.
Distinctions between social classes existed in America.

Question 22

What was significant about religion in the colonies?

Answer 22

There was no established church, so toleration was necessary due to the variety of religions: Spain and France - Catholic, Britain - Protestant. The Great Awakening caused divisions in those who did and didn’t believe it.

Question 23

What was significant about education in the colonies?

Answer 23

Colonial intellectual elite were influenced by the Enlightenment, causing them to question the nature of society.
75% of population was literate by 1763.

Question 24

What is the link between education, society, and religion to the revolution?

Answer 24

People became more educated on radical thoughts and hierarchical social structures, therefore they were more likely to question their religion and economic situation and challenge British rule.

Question 25

How did the American colonies affect Native Americans?

Answer 25

Introduced many new diseases like smallpox and influenza which the native Americans had no defence system for.
Land-hungry and began to press hand of the native populations land, meaning they increasingly came into conflicts.
Faced war, genocide, and cultural destruction, meaning that the Native Americans would resent the Colonists and work against them

Question 26

When was the War of Austrian succession (King George’s War)?

Answer 26

1740 - 1748

Question 27

Who fought in the War of Austrian succession (King George’s War), and who won?

Answer 27

Britain + Colonists against France + Native Americans. The French asserted themselves in the Ohio Valley - British lost some influence.

Question 28

When was the Seven Years War?

Answer 28

1756 - 1763

Question 29

Who fought in the Seven Years War, and who won?

Answer 29

Britain + Colonists + Indians + Native Americans against France + Spain + Native Americans. The British won after gaining Canada, east of Mississippi, and Florida