The Development Of Anthropological Thought Flashcards

0
Q

Historical particular ism (historicism)

A

Theoretical orientation emphasizing that each culture is the unique product of all the influences to which it was subjected in its past, making cross-cultural generalizations questionable.

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1
Q

Unilineal evolution

A

Nineteenth-century theoretical orientation that held that all human ways of life pass through a similar sequence of stages in their development

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2
Q

Configurationalism

A

Theoretical idea that each culture historically develops it’s own unique thematic patterns around which belief, values, and behaviors are oriented

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

Theoretical orientation that analyzes cultural elements in terms of their useful effects to individuals or to the persistence of the whole society.

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4
Q

Neoevolutionism

A

“Be evolutionism” or the mid-twentieth-century rebirth of evolutionary approaches to studying and explaining culture.

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5
Q

Scientific approaches

A

General approaches suggesting that human cultural differences and similarities can be explained in the same sence as biologists explain life and it’s evolution

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6
Q

Evolutionary psychology (sociobiology)

A

Scientific approach emphasizing that humans are subject to similar evolutionary forces as other animals; associated with the hypothesis that human behavior patterns enhance genetic fitness

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7
Q

Materialism (cultural materialism)

A

Scientific theoretical orientation claiming that the main influences on cultural differences and similarities are technology, environment, and how people produce and distribute resources

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8
Q

Humanistic approach

A

Orientation that mistrusts attempts to explain cultural differences and similarities and cultural changes in favor of achieving an empathetic understanding of particular cultures.

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9
Q

Interpretive anthropologists

A

Contemporary theorists who analyze cultural elements by explicating their meanings to people and understanding them in their local context; generally emphasize cultural diversity and the unique qualities of particular cultures.

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10
Q

Postmodernists

A

Followers of the philosophical viewpoint emphasizing the relativity of all knowledge of a particular time and place is constructed, especially on how power relations affect the creation and spread of ideas and beliefs

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