The Design of Everyday Chapter 2 by Don Norman

Question 1

Discoverability

Answer 1

Users can perceive possible actions and current system states

Question 2

Feedback

Answer 2

The system clearly reports results from actions and changes to its state.

Question 3

Conceptual model

Answer 3

The system ‘projects’ the information needed to derive an understanding of itself.

Question 4

Affordance

Answer 4

Actions are possible to complete given the attributes of the target user

Question 5

Signifiers

Answer 5

Affordances and feedback are discoverable

Question 6

Mappings

Answer 6

The relationship between controls and actions is coherent.

Question 7

Constraints

Answer 7

Narrow the space interpretation to guide action and interpretation.

Question 8

Root Cause Analysis

Answer 8

Asking Why until the cause of the activity is reach (What is the real goal)

Question 9

Goal-Driven Behavior

Answer 9

Behavior oriented toward attaining a particular goal.

Question 10

Cognition

Answer 10

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

Question 11

Reflective Responses

Answer 11

Designed to elicit as full a sense as possible of the speaker’s thoughts and especially feelings. It is a way of helping someone explore her own personal meanings.

Question 12

Action Cycle

Answer 12

The Action Cycle links three activities — Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation. Each of these activities builds upon the others in a continuous and interactive manner. … This is also one of the most challenging phases, as it may be difficult to sustain the process and continue implementation over time.

Question 13

Learned helplessness

Answer 13

Learned helplessness is the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control.

Question 14

Feed Forward

Answer 14

The modification or control of a process using its anticipated results or effects.

Question 15

Empathy

Answer 15

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.

Question 16

Reflective cognition

Answer 16

involves thinking, comparing, and decision-making. It leads to new ideas and creativity: eg designing, learning, writing a book”

Question 17

What are the 3 levels of processing

Answer 17

• Visceral: Basic level fast and automatic subconscious example, Fight or flight
• Behavioral: Learned Skills,
• Reflective: Deep understanding, respond rapidly without much analysis.

Question 18

Visceral

Answer 18

Basic level fast and automatic subconscious example, Fight or flight

Question 19

The Gulf of Execution

Answer 19

The ‘gulf’ is the knowledge gap between what the user wants to do, and the system capabilities supporting that goal. (How it operates)

Question 20

The Gulf of Evaluation

Answer 20

The ‘gulf’ is the knowledge gap between a system’s feedback from the action, and what the user needs to know the goal was met. (How it happened)