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Philosophy > The Design Argument > Flashcards

The Design Argument Flashcards

0
Q

what does an acorn to an oak tree symbolise?

A

purpose

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1
Q

how did aquinas develop his design argument?

A

from aristotle, cicero & islamic philosophy

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2
Q

what does arrow to archer symbolise?

A

purpose and direction

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3
Q

qua purpose

A

all things have a telos

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4
Q

what did hume reject in his critique?

A

a priori reasoning

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5
Q

who were the 4 characters hume used?

A

Pamphilus
Cleanthes
Philo
Deniea

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6
Q

who were the two key characters out of the four presented by hume?

A

Philo and Cleanthes

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7
Q

what role did cleanthes play?

A

beliefs from the teleological argument

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8
Q

what role did philo play?

A

hume himself (own position)

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9
Q

what does philo (hume) say?

A
  • producer (god) must be inefficient
  • many gods - anthropomorphic - uneducated gods
  • design implies designer
  • order is not the same as design
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10
Q

what assumptions do people make? DESIGN ARGUMENT

A

that things would always end up how they do/have

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11
Q

what was paley’s analogy?

A

qua order

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12
Q

who was paley aware of when he wrote the blind watchmaker?

A

hume

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13
Q

who was paley highly influenced by?

A

charles darwin and utilitarianism

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14
Q

what kind of argument is paley’s?

A

inductive - observed premises

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15
Q

what is the most likely explination/most persuaive? DESIGN ARGUMENTS

A

god

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16
Q

what isn’t paley seeking to do?

A

not to prove god’s existence but that god offers the best explination

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17
Q

what did dawkins say?

A

god is irrelevant - natural selection is key

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18
Q

what is dawkins arguing?

A

brute fact (simpler and more ellegant)

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19
Q

what is the most plausible explanation of design? SWINBURNE

A
  1. infinite number of universes
  2. we are here. it just happened.
  3. intelligence behind the universe
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20
Q

what kind of argument is the teleological argument?

A

a posteriori, inductive, synthetic

21
Q

what are teleological arguments?

A

arguments for the existence of god by observing the design in the universe

22
Q

what are the two types of design argument?

A

design qua regularity - aquinas

design qua purpose -paley

23
Q

when was paley’s argument put forward?

A

in the early 19th century

24
Q

what does paley’s argument suggest?

A

that everything is designed to fulfil a purpose (uses the analogy of the watch)

25
Q

what are the 4 steps of paley’s watch analogy?

A

1) imagine finding a watch on a heath, it is very complex
2) therefore it must have been designed
3) design implies designer
4) therefore the watch must have been designed by a designer

26
Q

what can paley’s watch analogy be applied to?

A

the universe

27
Q

what are there clear signs of in the universe?

A

design and purpose

28
Q

what does design imply?

A

a designer

29
Q

is design implies designer, what must there be?

A

a designer, who is thought to be god

30
Q

what does paley argue about god’s existence?

A

god necessarily exists due to the need for a designer

31
Q

what does aquinas’s argument suggest?

A

that the designer starts off a chain of design one thing after another

32
Q

what does paley’s argument suggest?

A

everything fitting together or a purpose like machine (product of enlightenment thinking)

33
Q

what did FR Tennant put forward an argument for?

A

suggests that the needs of humanity have been provided for, therefore suggesting the existence of a designer

34
Q

what did richard swinburne suggest?

A

that the probability of humanity coming into existence is so huge that it is probable that there is an intelligent designer behind the universe

35
Q

where did david hume criticise the argument?

A

in his ‘dialogues on religion’

36
Q

what did hume use to criticise the argument?

A

4 characters

37
Q

what character was used in hume’s 1st and 2nd reply?

A

philo

38
Q

when were hume’s replies written in relation to paley’s argument?

A

23 years prior to paley’s argument - paley was aware of hume’s criticisms before hand

39
Q

what did hume say that our knowledge of god’s designing makes god? hume’s first reply

A

1)like effects presupppose like causes therefore if we are designed by god does that make him just a superhuman figure

40
Q

what did hume say regarding evidence of good design? hume’s first reply

A

although there is evidence of good design in the universe, there is also evidence of bad design

41
Q

where does the idea of multiple god’s come from? hume’s first reply

A

strong links between design IN the universe and design OF the universe

humans collaborate to make something, maybe many god’s did too

42
Q

what happens if you say that there are only weak links between design IN the universe and design OF the universe? hume’s first reply

A

whole argument is weakened?

43
Q

what was hume’s second reply?

A

1) it is perfectly possible for order to come out of chaos

2) an infinite number of combinations of universes are possible

44
Q

what does hume say we should do following his first and second replies?

A

SUSPEND JUDGEMENT on whether there is a God

45
Q

what is JS Mills statement on nature? CRITICISM

A

nature commits terrible crimes that humans would be punished for

46
Q

what does JS Mill say on suffering and the design of the universe?

A

there is so much suffering in the world that it could not be the design of an omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent god

47
Q

what does JS Mill reject?

A

the god of classical theism and the design argument of paley and aquinas

48
Q

what did charles darwin say about the design argument?

A

read paley’s argument and thought it was really good, but felt that his theory of evolution proved the argument wrong

49
Q

why does richard dawkins reject the argument?

A

he says that faith is anti-intellectual

50
Q

why does dawkins say there is not design of the universe?

A

because it is just natural selection and we are just slaves to our genes

Philosophy (9 decks)

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