The Desgin argument

Question 1

What is the design argument?

Answer 1

It is the argument that because the universe is ordered towards some end or purpose it would make it more probable that the universe is ordered because it was created by an intelligent being.

Question 2

a posterior

Answer 2

Based on sense experience, the evidence for this is our senses

Question 3

What is the anthropic principle

Answer 3

The argument that the reason and purpose of the universe is to support human life

Question 4

What is the strong anthropic principle

Answer 4

it states that it was necessary for the universe to have the properties it did and the fine tunings in its creation, it was not just happen it had a creator (God)

Question 5

The weak anthropic principle

Answer 5

we are here because the universe must have properties necessary for life.
doesn’t explain why the universe is the way it is

Question 6

Inductive argument

Answer 6

process of reasoning particular intense to general and probable conclusion

Question 7

William Paley’s Watch analogy

Answer 7

It is the idea that when a person sees a watch they come to the conclusion that the watch has a watch maker due to the many functions it has that allows it to fulfil its purpose (telling the time) the same can be applied to the universe, the universe has many functions and therefore must have a creator. Paely argues that it would be unreasonable to assume that the watch came without a watchmaker and the same can be applied to the universe.

Question 8

Weaknesses of the design argument

Answer 8

-experience of the universe is limited, there is no experience of universes being designed or built so cannot infer the cause
- analogies don’t always work well, not enough similarities between the watch and the universe
-

Question 9

Ockham’ she razor

Answer 9

The principle that the simplest explantation is the most likely

Question 10

deductive argument

Answer 10

Reasoning that seeks to produce a hypothesis from an observation using the simplest and most likely explantation

Question 11

Weakness of the anthropic principle

Answer 11

Assumes human beings are so special

Question 12

Cosmological argument

Answer 12

Are generally a posterior and exist in both inductive and deductive forms. Questions how the universe began, why it was created and who caused it, these questions are answered with causation, motion and necessity

Question 13

Leibniz sufficient reason

Answer 13

Total explanation

Question 14

Kalamazoo cosmological argument

Answer 14

Origins From medieval Islamic scholasticism
P1 whatever begins to exist has a cause
P2 universe begins to exist
P3 therefore universe has a cause
C therefore God exists

Question 15

Is the Kalam cosmogonical argument dectuctive or inductive

Answer 15

Deductive

Question 16

Deductive

Answer 16

An argument whose conclusion follows necessarily from the premises, argues from the general particular

Question 17

Necessary being

Answer 17

A being who is not dependent on any other for existence

Question 18

What does the kalam argument argue

Answer 18

Argues from the existence of the universe of God, if something is not its own reason for existing it must have been caused by something else.

Question 19

Reductio ad absurdum

Answer 19

Assuming the opposite of what you are trying to prove

Question 20

Problem with kalam argument

Answer 20

Supposes a cause that comes into existence without a cause

Question 21

What are a Aquanis’ 3 ways?

Answer 21

Motion
Causation
Contingency

Question 22

Motion

Answer 22

Argues that an object can only move when an external force is applied it
P1 there are some things in motion or state change
P2 nothing can be changed by itself - secondary mover
P3 if everything is a secondary mover there would be an infinite regress of movers
P4 reductio ad absurdum if P3 true then there would be no prime movers and therefore no secondary movers , false
C- therefore there must be an unmoved prime mover - God

Question 23

Causation

Answer 23

There is nothing that can cause itself has this would mean that it would have to exist before it existed which is logically impossible
P1 every event has a cause
P2 nothing can be a cause of itself
P3 if we imagine that this order of causes goes back infinitely then there would be no first cause
P4 if this is true then there would be no causes at all, this is false
C therefore there must be a first cause - God

Question 24

Contingency

Answer 24

The world consists of contingent items/beings that are generated and perish

P1 In nature, everything can either exist or not-exist.
P2 Given infinite time, eventually everything will not-exist.
P3 If there was once nothing, nothing could come from it.
P4 Therefore some thing or some things must necessarily exist.
P5 Everything necessary must be caused or uncaused.
P6 You can’t have an infinite series of necessary things causing each other,
because then there would be no explanation for the series itself.
C Therefore, there must be a being which has “its own necessity.

Question 25

Strengths of Aqunais’ argument