Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Personality, Intelligence and Psychopathology :-) > The Dark Triad > Flashcards

The Dark Triad Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aim of defining ‘The Dark Triad’ personality trait?

A

Aims to explain the dark side of human nature - the predispositions of certain types of people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are Dark Triad traits distributed through the population?

A

Normally distributed. They are not clinical disorders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 Dark Triad traits?

A

Narcissism, Machiavellianism, Psychopathy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Narcissism?

A

Narcissistic individuals do not always have the same traits, but usually comes with:
Self-obsession, feeling of superiority, egotism. Wanting to be the centre of attention. Feelings of entitlement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Machiavellianism?

A

Manipulativeness, cynicism, strategic moral behaviours to get the outcome they seek.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Psychopathy?

A

Impulsivity, thrill-seeking, lack of empathy / anxiety. It is popular in people who commit planned crimes. Psychopathy is an anti-social personality disorder defined by the behaviour itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do Dark Triad traits link to evolutionary theory?

A
  • exploitation of other group members to show dominance and aid own survival.
  • attract mates at expense of competitors (many people who are high on Dark Triad traits have low K).
  • adaptive in larger, looser social groups where it’s easy to get away with behaviours.
  • cross cultural.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of dependent selection are Dark Triad traits?

A

Negative frequency dependent selection - only adaptive if not many in the population have the traits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are the Dark Triad traits correlated with each other?

A

Yes. Between .25 and .5.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do Dark Triad traits fit in with Big 5 and HEXACO traits?

A

People high on Dark Triad traits generally have:

  • low agreeableness
  • low honesty / humility
  • Narcissism and Psychopathy correlate with high extraversion and openness.
  • Machiavellianism and Psychopathy correlate negatively with conscientiousness.
  • Psychopathy generally correlates with low neuroticism.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is there a gender difference in Dark Triad traits?

A

Males are generally higher in elements of the dark triad. Remember: more within-gender variation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Do any Dark Triad traits correlate with IQ?

A

No. Narcissism correlates with higher self-reported IQ. Also correlated with measures of self-enhancement (familiarity with made up physics phenomena).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What makes up half the variance between individuals high on Dark Triad traits?

A

The unobservable variable: the dark triad itself is a latent variable of these 3 personality dimensions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the trait some think should be added to The Dark Triad?

A

Sadism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Sadism?

A

Callousness, enjoyment of cruelty, seeking opportunities to cause suffering.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does Sadism correlate with other Dark Triad traits?

A

.4 - .6 with Machiavellianism and Psychopathy. (higher with psychopathy). Shares ‘dark core’ of low agreeableness and honesty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What everyday behaviours does Sadism predict?

A

Vandalism, enjoyment of violent videogames, online trolling behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two components of narcissism?

A

Adaptive and maladaptive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some traits involved in the adaptive component of narcissism?

A
  • want for authority
  • self-sufficiency
  • high self-esteem
  • self-enhance using public and private strategies
    Note: these tend to correlate with self-esteem.
20
Q

What are some traits involved in the maladaptive component of narcissism?

A
  • entitlement
  • exploitative
  • exhibitionism
  • self-protect (from negative perceptions of oneself) and self-enhance publicly
21
Q

What are some behaviours associated with self-protection?

A

Being defensive, lashing out when criticised, blaming others for your failures.

22
Q

What are the issues with the adaptive/maladaptive model?

A

Some traits of narcissism don’t clearly fit into the adaptive or maladaptive part - e.g vanity, superiority.

23
Q

What sets narcissism apart from other traits in the dark triad?

A

Self-enhancement.
A key debate is if narcissists are really in love with themselves or if they use self-enhancement to cover up all their negative self-views.

24
Q

What does the dynamic self-regulatory processing model include?

A 
Components of the self-system.
Mental construals:
Self, Others
Self-regulation processes:
Intra-personal, Interpersonal.
25
Q

What is a mental construal?

A

A schema we have of self and others.

26
Q

What is the ‘self’ component of the dynamic self-regulatory processing model (SRPM) for narcissistic individuals?

A
  • superior
  • agentic, self-sufficient, dominant
  • possible underlying fragility
27
Q

What is the ‘others’ component of SRPM for narcissistic individuals?

A
  • construct their representations of others to bolster own self-views
  • seeing others as inferior
  • idealise associates who are objectively successful - ‘reflective glory’
28
Q

What is a self-regulation process?

A

How we manage events. Feeds into self-construals - behaviours.

29
Q

What is the ‘intrapersonal’ component for narcissistic individuals?

A
  • self-serving attributions
  • approach situations in a confident manner
  • when a threat is experienced, react with anger and external blame.
30
Q

What is the ‘interpersonal’ component for narcissistic individuals?

A
  • self-presentation
  • name drop successful associates
  • seek positions of power
  • short-term mating
  • derogating others
  • react aggressively to threat
31
Q

What are the components of psychopathy?

A

Instrumental and reactive.

32
Q

What does the instrumental component include?

A
  • shallow
    -low empathy
  • interpersonal coldness
    These traits are associated with ‘emotionally stable psychopathy’ - this form correlates with low neuroticism.
33
Q

What does the reactive component include?

A
  • impulsivity
  • irresponsible
  • aggression
    These traits are associated with ‘aggressive psychopathy’ - correlates with high neuroticism.
34
Q

Dark Triad and sexual behaviour…

A

high dark triad scorers more likely to:

  • engage in short-term / unrestricted sexual relations
  • poach mates from others but also have mates poached from them
  • retain mates using aggressive tactics - toxicity.
35
Q

What different types of aggression to Dark Triad traits correlate with?

A

Psychopathy correlates with physical, verbal and premeditated aggression.
Machiavellianism correlates with physical, verbal and hostility.
Narcissism correlates with hostility, reactive aggression.

36
Q

What evidence for narcissism correlating with reactive aggression?

A

Baumeister and Bushman 1998

  • participants had to write an essay which was marked either positively or negatively
  • high narcissism predicted blasting white noise into the person who marked their essays
  • especially in negative feedback condition
37
Q

What Dark Triad traits predict cruelty?

A

Psychopathy and Sadism - blasting white noise into an innocent opponents ear.
Only p’s high in sadism opted to partake in boring task to be able to play white noise game, and opted to to a task which involved killing bugs over 2 other tasks. (Buckles 2013)

38
Q

What aspects of criminal behaviour do Dark Triad traits predict?

A

psychopathy - delinquent behaviour, serious crime
machiavellianism - bullying and minor crime
narcissism - bullying, drug use, minor crime, anti-authority acts
Plagiarism - most related to psychopathy but correlated with at Dark Triad traits
(Williams)
White collar criminals high in narcissism
Young offenders high in narcissism
Evidence for high psychopathy in offenders
(Cross sectional research)

39
Q

What is the chocolate cake model of narcissism?

A

Related to narcissism and relationships. At first, people who are narcissistic give off a great first impression, fun stories, very charming. as you get to know them you realise they’re selfish, aren’t there for you etc

40
Q

Is there evidence for the chocolate cake model of narcissism?

A

Paulhaus 1998
7 week project a group of students.
rated each others personalities using Big 5 at the start and at the end. findings reflected chocolate cake model - at start p’s high in narcissism rated high O, C, E & A, at the end still rated high O and E but low A and C. and lower ‘adjustment’ and ‘emotional stability’

41
Q

What are some pros of being high in Dark Triad traits in employment?

A
  • charm clients
  • good at sales, making money
  • strategic
  • networking
42
Q

What are some cons of being high in Dark Triad in terms of employment?

A
  • would not promote a positive work environment
  • no co-operation
  • may want to take credit for other employees achievements
43
Q

Can narcissism be described by genes?

A

59% genes, 41% shared environment.

44
Q

Can machiavellianism be decribed by genes?

A

31% genes, 39% shared environment, 30% non-shared.

45
Q

Can psychopathy be described by genes?

A

64% genes, 32% shared environment.

46
Q

What could be an environmental cause of narcissism?

A

Spoilt as children - evidence supports:

  • parental overvaluation
  • leniency
  • indulgence

Personality, Intelligence and Psychopathology :-) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions