The Crown and Nobility Flashcards
(44 cards)
What were Henry’s methods of rewards?
Patronage, Order of the Garter, King’s Council and the Great Council.
What was Patronage?
The giving of power, titles and land in return for good and loyal service.
What are examples of Patronage?
- The Earl of Oxford became a major landowner in East Anglia for being loyal at the Battle of Bosworth.
- Jasper Tudor was made the Duke of Bedford and restored to his Welsh estates and rewarded with extra land after being loyal before Bosworth.
What were the successes of patronage?
- Created a group of people who were genuinely loyal to Henry.
-Henry gave titles but didn’t award land - meant that nobles were happy but couldn’t become too powerful.
-Smaller number of noblemen = higher honour.
What was the failure of patronage?
Any land Henry awarded came out of his own - loss of revenue/power for the crown.
What is the Order of the Garter?
A significant honour reserved for the king’s closest servants. An honour bestowed on the most important knights, who then retained the senior rank of knighthood.
What was the success of the Order of the Garter?
Efficient for Henry as it gave the recipient prestige, but no power or land.
What is a failure of the Order of the Garter?
William Stanley was made a member of the Order of the Garter, but later betrayed Henry.
What was the King’s Council?
A position as King’s Councillor was a sign of the king’s confidence. The emphasis was on loyalty to trusted servants
What are examples of the Order of the Garter?
Henry created 37 knights = Earl of Oxford, Rhys ap Thomas and Robert Willoughby.
What are examples of the King’s Council?
- 2 Chancellors retained their positions for a long period = John Morton and William Warham.
What were the successes of being on the King’s Council?
- Gave the recipient prestige, but not land or power.
- Rewarded people for their loyalty.
- Henry used professionals as advisors, rather than just nobles - helped grow crown lands.
What was the Great Council?
Where meetings of high matters of state, usually in moments of emergency were called. Meetings were called by Henry and filled with noblemen.
What was the success of the Great Council?
A form of control for Henry - if nobles had been included and agreed with a major decision, they couldn’t criticise Henry for the policy.
What are the failures of the Great Council?
- If they disagreed, the king could go back on the Council.
- Could delay decisions.
What are examples of the Great Council?
- 1485, calling of Parliament and the announcement of Henry’s marriage.
- 1487 = response to Simnel’s threat.
- 1488 = to authorise a subsidy for the campaign in Brittany.
What were Henry’s methods of punishments?
Acts of attainders, Bonds and recognisances, Feudal dues, Retaining and Crown Lands.
What were Acts of Attainder?
Acts that stripped the nobility of their land and titles.
Examples of Acts of Attainders
- Thomas Howard imprisoned and had his land and title stripped after the Battle of Bosworth.
Howard started to win back Henry’s trust - refused to leave the tower during Simnel’s plot and so Henry gave him his land back, but demoted his title from the Duke of Surrey to the Earl of Surrey. - 138 Acts of Attainders passed by Henry.
- 46 Attainders reversed.
What were the successes of the Acts of Attainders?
- Henry restored Howards line after he swore his allegiance in 1489.
- Rewards and sanctions.
- Henry was more willing to reverse attainders than Edward IV.
What were the failures of the Acts of Attainders?
-9/138 attainders passed against nobles.
-Henry harsher on non-nobles.
-Payment for the removal of attainees was common.
-Henry’s policy increased in several of his reign progress.
What were bonds?
Written agreements in which people promised to pay a sum of money if they break their promise.
What were recognisances?
Formal acknowledgement of a debt that already existed and the will to pay if the debt was not met.
What is evidence of bonds and recognisances?
-Between 1485-1509, 36/62 nobles gave bonds and or recognisances to the king.
-Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset, was required to transfer all of his land except two manors to trustees, pay a recognisance of £1000 and find others to pay £10,000 in recognisances on his behalf. By 1499, Dorset proved his loyalty and so the agreements were cancelled.
