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Superpower Relations: 1941 - 1991 NEW > The Crises of the Cold War 1961 - 1970 > Flashcards

The Crises of the Cold War 1961 - 1970 Flashcards

1
Q

What year did the building of the Berlin Wall begin?

A

1961.

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2
Q

What did East German troops begin doing on the night of August 12th 1961?

A

Building a wall in Berlin.

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3
Q

How long was the eventual concrete Berlin Wall?

A

43km (27 miles)

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4
Q

How did people try to escape East Berlin while the wall was being built?

A

Jumping the barriers, jumping through checkpoints and jumping out of windows.

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5
Q

How did the wall help the USSR?

A

It stopped migration to the West.

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6
Q

How did the wall make the USSR look like the bad guys?

A

It made East Germany look like a prison.

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7
Q

How was the West able to use the Wall as a propaganda victory?

A

It made East Germany and Communism seem like a prison.

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8
Q

What was the theme of the speech that President Kennedy gave in front of the Wall in the June of 1963? (3)

A

That freedom was better than communism.
The USA would defend West Berlin.
The Berlin wall was strong.

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9
Q

When was the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A

1961.

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10
Q

What were the consequences of the Bay of Pigs? (4)

A

The Kennedy administration was very embarrassed, they looked weak.
Fidel Castro sought the protection of the Soviet Union.
Pushed Cuba and the USSR closer together.
Cuba officially declares support for the Communist regime and begins to cooperate with the USSR.

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11
Q

What happened in Cuba in 1959?

A

A revolution.

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12
Q

What had President Eisenhower began planning for in 1960?

A

The Bay of Pigs.

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13
Q

How big was the invasion force that landed at the Bay of Pigs on the 17th April 1961?

A

Over 1400 Cuban Exiles.

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14
Q

Why did the invasion force of Cuban ‘exiles’ fail? (2)

A

The Cuban army knew the plan.
They didn’t have enough men or weapons.
American support wasn’t enough.

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15
Q

How did the failed invasion make the USA look like hypocrites?

A

The USA tried to remove a popular leader and replace them with a dictator.

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16
Q

What did Castro do afterwards to demonstrate the forging of stronger links between Cuba and the USSR?

A

Started trading with the USSR.
Declared the Cuban revolution to have been a communist one.
Began talks with Khrushchev about placing nuclear missiles in Cuba.`

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17
Q

When was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

1962

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18
Q

Why was Khrushchev taking steps to place missiles in Cuba? (3)

A

Protect Cuba.
Threaten the USA.
Even out the balance of power due to the USA having weapons near the USSR.

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19
Q

What actions did President Kennedy have to chose between doing to prevent nuclear war? (4)

A

Blockade or Invasion.
Bomb Cuba and risk nuclear war.
Protest to the UN
Nothing.

20
Q

What was set up around Cuba on the 22nd of October 1962?

A

A naval blockade.

21
Q

What was the purpose of the naval blockade in 1962?

A

To prevent any further weapons from entering the state of Cuba.

22
Q

What happened when the USSR’s ships reached the naval blockade on the 24th October 1962?

A

They turned around.

23
Q

When did the USSR’s ships reach the naval blockade surrounding Cuba?

A

24th October 1962

24
Q

What was the difference between the two telegrams sent to Kennedy from Khrushchev on the 26th and 27th of October 1962?

A

The first failed to mention the US missiles in Turkey.

The second spoke of the missiles.

25
Q

Where did the Nuclear test ban treaty prevent nuclear tests from taking place?

A

Space - The atmosphere.

26
Q

When was the nuclear test ban treaty signed?

A

August 1963.

27
Q

What was the purpose of the ‘Outer Space’ treaty?

A

To stop nuclear weapons being placed in space.

28
Q

When was the ‘Outer Space’ treaty signed?

A

1967.

29
Q

What did the nuclear non-proliferation treaty mean?

A

Stop the spread of Nuclear weapons to more countries.

30
Q

When was the nuclear non-proliferation treaty signed?

A

1968.

31
Q

When was the Prague Spring?

A

1968.

32
Q

Why were the citizens in Czechoslovakia annoyed? (3)

A

No freedoms.
Poor living conditions.
Declining economy

33
Q

What kind of Communism did Alexander Dubcek want for Czechoslovakia?

A

More ‘relaxed’.

More freedoms with the people and more contact with the West.

34
Q

What reforms were part of Dubcek’s ‘Prague Spring’? (4)

A

Free trials.
More political freedom.
Free travel
Free press

35
Q

Why was the Soviet leader Brezhnev worried about the ‘Prague Spring’ reforms?

A

He worried they might bring down communism across Eastern Europe.

36
Q

What eventually happened on 20th August 1968?

A

The USSR and Warsaw pact invaded.

37
Q

What were the Czech army ordered to do while the Warsaw pact troops invaded?

A

Not resist.

38
Q

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine that was developed because of the events in Czechoslovakia?

A

To use force to stop any country that was acting in a way that might cause Communism to fall.

39
Q

How did other countries in the Warsaw Pact (Romania and Yugoslavia) respond to the events in Prague?

A

They were very nervous and did not want to support them.

40
Q

How did Poland and East Germany respond? (Prague Spring) (2)

A

They asked the USSR for support.

Cracked down on opposition.

41
Q

Why was the USA in a difficult position to take meaningful action against the USSR? (2)

A

Their economy was in a bad condition.

It was in the USSR sphere of influence.

42
Q

What happened to the Cuban exiles who invaded Cuba during the bay of pigs?

A

Most of them were taken hostage or killed.

43
Q

Why was the bay of pigs invasion an embarrassment for Kennedy? (2)

A

Eisenhower had initially planned the military maneuver however his presidential term ended and he was succeeded by John F.Kennedy before he was able to carry out the plan.
Kennedy wasn’t able to carry out the plan to the standard that Eisenhower planned and it made him look weak as it was his first military maneuver and was ultimately unsuccessful as he scaled back the size of the invasion.

44
Q

What did the Bay of Pigs invasion mean for the future of the cold war and the relation between the superpowers? (2)

A

The USA and Kennedy looked weak.

Cuba was pushed closer to the USSR in alliance, and they ultimately declared their support for the communist regime.

45
Q

What did the Bay of Pigs invasion lead too?

A

The Cuban Missile crisis.

Superpower Relations: 1941 - 1991 NEW (9 decks)

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