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British Experience of Warfare - Crimea Wars > The Crimea War (2) > Flashcards

The Crimea War (2) Flashcards

1
Q

When did allied troops land north of Sebastopol? What was the split in the French plan and the British plan?

A
  • 14th September 1854 began landing at Kalamita Bay
  • St Arnaud of the French wanted to march straightaway but Raglan insisted on rounding up supplies from the countryside
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2
Q

When did Prince Menshikov (Russian commander in chief) withdraw behind the River Alma

A
  • 19th September, withdrew with his 33,000 Russian troops away from 63,000 British and French troops
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3
Q

When did the Battle of Alma begin?

A

20th September 1854

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4
Q

What was the proposed attack by the French that Raglan agreed on to avoid problems at Alma?

A
  • St Arnaud proposed French attack on the right, next to the sea where they were protected by the fleet guns
  • The French would go to the Russian left flank while British advance against the Russian centre and right
  • Raglan believed the French were underestimating Russian strength
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5
Q

What was the Great Redoubt that the Russians were behind, how did the British eventually capture this at Alma?

A
  • A Russian earthwork where Menshikov placed artillery
  • The Light Division attempted to capture but fell back after being exposed to artillery and infantry attacks
  • A British advance after meant the Grenadier Guards recapturing the redoubt
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6
Q

How many Russian battalions did the Highland Brigade drive back at the Battle of Alma?

A
  • 12 Russian Battalions
  • Russians fell back
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7
Q

After pushing the Russians back at Alma, who wanted to pursue them further and why did Raglan say no?

A
  • Lord Lucan, leader of British Cavalry wanted to pursue them
  • Raglan was aware there were cavalry on his left and instead ordered the men to bivouac for the night
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8
Q

What was the result of the Battle of Alma (casualties etc) ?

A
  • First full scale battle since Waterloo
  • Russians lost 5,700 and driven from a strong position
  • British lost 1,500
  • French lost under 1,000
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9
Q

When did the allied army decide to advance on Sebastopol and what crucial decision was made?

A
  • 23rd September 1854
  • Raglan wanted an immediate attack but he decided to agree to attack south
  • Chief Engineer Sir John Burgoyne argued Russian defences were too strong, and St Arnaud agreed
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10
Q

Who poorly advised Raglan on the 26th September to stay close to Balaclava and let the French advance west?

A

Admiral Lyons

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11
Q

Who led the French after St Arnaud got ill?

A

General Canrobert

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12
Q

Due to inaction from the British and French in Sebastopol, what did the Russians do?

A
  • Russians improved Sebastopols defences
  • Canrobert kept insisting that the citys defences must be reduced by artillery bombardment
  • In reality staying stationary strained Raglans army and let the Russians build their defences up even more
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13
Q

What was a result of the inaction in Sebastopol?

A
  • 17th October 1854, allies had 126 siege guns, the Russians had 341 by now
  • An allied naval bombardment resulted in damage to warships and 500 ally casualties
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14
Q

What was the second form of inaction at the Siege of Sebastopol?

A
  • The allied land bombardment was effective enough to capture Sebastapol, but Canrobert still opposed action
  • Gave Russians time to patch their defences and carry out repairs
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15
Q

When was the Battle of Balaclava?

A

25th October 1854
- Menshikov occupied Causeway Heights and now 25,000 of his infantry with others advanced towards Balaclava

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16
Q

What was the ‘Thin Red Line’ at the Battle of Balaclava? Who was the commander of the 93rd Foot who carried this out?

A
  • Sir Collin Campbell deployed his Highlanders on the reverse slope of the hill, he then moved them up hilltop in two ranks
  • This encouraged the Russian cavalry to charge in a square formation
  • The 500 highlanders kept their formation and fought back
17
Q

What did the Highlanders use in the ‘thin red line’ that helped do significant damage to the Russians?

A
  • The Minié rifles cause significant damage to the Russians
  • This caused the Russians to retreat after their second attack
18
Q

Who ordered the Charge of the Heavy Brigade?

A

General Lord Lucan sent one of the two brigades of the Heavy Brigade to support the highlanders

19
Q

Who commanded the Charge of the Heavy Brigade?

A
  • General Scarlett commanded 800 of the Heavy Brigade uphill to charge the Russians
  • The British Horse artillery opened fire on the Russians rear and they were all in retreat
20
Q

What was the tension between the light and heavy brigade?

A
  • Lord Cardigan hated Lord Lucan, he was his brother in law
21
Q

Who was the head of the light brigade, how many men were in the light brigade, how many were killed, wounded and taken POW?

A
  • 664 total
  • 110 dead
  • 140 wounded
  • 58 taken POW
22
Q

What happened when the Light Brigade charged?

A
  • They took Russian fire from 3 sides, Captain Nolan was killed by an exploding Russian Shell
  • Half the yutes were dead it was peak
  • Only got saved by cover provided from the French cavalry charge
23
Q

What was the ambiguity in Raglans order to the Light Brigade?

A
  • The order was to prevent the enemy carrying the guns away
  • This was vague, no one knew what he meant and assumed it was the heavily armed Russians
24
Q

What was Captain Nolans role in the charge of the light brigade?

A
  • Was ordered to deliver the message as he is an excellent horseman who sent the message down a steep valley
  • Insisted on the charge despite Lucan insisting it would be a waste
25
Q

What was Lucans role in the charge of the light bridge?

A
  • Could not see the guns on the far side of Causeway Heights
  • Mistaken that they had to attack the mass of Russian guns at the far end of the valley
26
Q

What was Lord Cardigans role in the charge of the light brigade?

A
  • Gave the order to the light brigade to advance in 3 lines
  • Ahead was 20 battalions of Russian infantry with over 50 guns
  • After the attack he boarded his private yacht and drank champagne
27
Q

What happened to Lucan and Cardigan after the charge of the light brigade?

A
  • Lucan was blamed by Raglan, Lucan argued Raglan gave him no independence and was recalled to Britain in March 1855
  • Cardigan showed bravery by obeying orders, blamed Lucan and left Crimea on his own order, he was labelled a hero
28
Q

What 4 issues did the charge of the light brigade show about the army?

A
  • Poor planning
  • Poor communication
  • Vague generals
  • Conflicting orders
29
Q

What remained the sole focus after the Battle of Balaclava?

A
  • The allies siege of Sebastopol
30
Q

Who wrote a poem about the Battle of Balaclava?

A

Alfred Lord Tennyson

British Experience of Warfare - Crimea Wars (7 decks)

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