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SST > The Constitution Of India > Flashcards

The Constitution Of India Flashcards

Half- yearly

1
Q

what’s the purpose of laws in a country

A

laws are a system of rules recognized by a country , to regulate the actions of its citizens

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2
Q

what is a constitution?

A

A constitution is a set of rules according to which a country is governed by. It is the supreme law of the country, forming the foundation for a good society

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3
Q

Why is the constitution considered the supreme law

A

All state legislation must align with the principle laid down in the constitution

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4
Q

Why do countries need a constitution ? ( 2 reasons )

A
  1. It outlines the type of government the people want and idea that the country upholds
  2. It defines the nature of the political system
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5
Q

How does a constitution Protect citizens from political misuse of power ?

A

the constitution acts as a safeguar against the misuse of Power by political leaders

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6
Q

How does the constitution protect minority groups ?

A

It prevents the dominance Of majority groups over minority groups

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7
Q

what right does the constitution guarantee?

A

The constitution guarantees and protects the rights of citizens

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8
Q

what did the framers of the Indian constitution envision regarding the rules of law ?

A

The framers envisioned that the rules of law must always prevail to help india maintain a credible position as a democratic country

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9
Q

What is the principle of the Rule of Law?

A

The Rule of Law means that no one is above the law

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10
Q

How does the Rule of Law affect people in power?

A

It demands that those in power should be guided by law and not act in an arbitrary or unlawful manner.

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11
Q

How does the Rule of Law protect citizens?

A

it ensures citizens are protected by the law, enjoy equal rights, and have equal responsibilities

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12
Q

Why was the Rule of Law adopted?

A

It was adopted to prevent the abuse of power and establish a democratic structure of power relationships

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13
Q

When was the Untouchability Offences Act passed?

A

The Untouchability Offences Act was passed in 1955

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13
Q

Who initially drafted a Constitution for India, and when?

A

Motilal Nehru and eight other Congress leaders drafted a Constitution for India in 1928

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14
Q

What basic values were accepted by Indian leaders regarding the Constitution?

A

Basic values like Universal adult franchise, the right to freedom and equality, and the protection of minority rights were accepted

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14
Q

What role did the British play in setting up the Indian Constituent Assembly?

A

The British set up the Constituent Assembly to prepare the Constitution of independent India

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15
Q

How did the Constituent Assembly become sovereign?

A

After India gained independence, the Constituent Assembly became the Sovereign Constitution-making body of free and independent India

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16
Q

Who were the main members of the Constituent Assembly?

A

Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, Maulana Azad

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17
Q

Who were the notable women members of the Constituent Assembly?

A

Sarojini Naidu and Vijayalaxmi Pandit

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18
Q

When did the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly take place?

A

The first meeting took place on 9 December 1946.

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19
Q

When was the Indian Constitution approved and when did it come into effect?

A

The Constitution was approved on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950, celebrated as Republic Day

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20
Q

Who was the President of the Constituent Assembly?

A

Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

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21
Q

Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution?

A

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

22
Q

Who became the first elected President of the Republic of India in 1952?

A

Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

23
Q

What is the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?

A

The Preamble is the brief introductory note at the beginning of the Constitution, listing the source of authority, system of government, objectives, and date of adoption

24
Q

What was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment of 1976?

A

The words “socialist” and “secular” were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976

25
Q

Is the Preamble enforceable by law?

A

No, the Preamble is not enforceable by law, but it provides a key to understanding and interpreting the Constitution

26
Q

Why is the Preamble referred to as the “Soul of the Constitution”?

A

Because it provides insight into the principles and values that guide the interpretation of the Constitution.

27
Q

What does the term “Sovereign” in the Preamble mean?

A

“Sovereign” means India is independent of any foreign control

28
Q

What does “Socialist” in the Preamble aim for?

A

“Socialist” means the Constitution aims at achieving social and economic justice

29
Q

What does “Secular” mean in the Indian context?

A

Secular” means there is no state religion in India

30
Q

What does “Democratic” signify in the Preamble?

A

“Democratic” signifies that the government is elected by the people every five years.

31
Q

What does “Republic” in the Preamble mean?

A

“Republic” means that the head of the state is elected by the people and the position is not hereditary

32
Q

What does social justice aim for according to the Preamble?

A

Social justice means no discrimination based on birth, caste, race, sex, or religion. It envisions India as a welfare state with equal social status for all.

33
Q

What is economic justice as per the Indian Constitution?

A

Economic justice means the equitable distribution of wealth among individuals to prevent wealth concentration in a few hands.

34
Q

What does political justice entail in the Indian Constitution?

A

Political justice ensures equal rights in political participation, with universal adult suffrage and equal value for each vote

35
Q

What types of liberty does the Preamble guarantee?

A

The Preamble provides for the liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship

36
Q

What does equality of status and opportunity mean in the Preamble?

A

Equality means the removal of discrimination based on religion, caste, gender, and place of birth. All citizens are equal before the law and enjoy equal protection by it

37
Q

What does fraternity mean according to the Preamble?

A

Fraternity means the feeling of brotherhood, promoting the dignity of individuals and the unity and integrity of the nation

38
Q

How does the Constitution promote individual dignity?

A

It abolishes practices like untouchability, ensures humane work conditions, and aims for equal access to livelihood and a decent standard of living

39
Q

What is socialism in the context of the Indian Constitution?

A

Socialism is a political and economic system where most valuable property and resources are owned or controlled by the public or the state.

40
Q

When was the term “socialism” introduced in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?

A

The term “socialism” was introduced in the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.

41
Q

What does socialism mean in the Indian context?

A

Socialism aims at bridging the gap between the rich and the poor, minimizing the suffering of backward groups, and establishing a mixed economy with agriculture and industrialization

42
Q

What are the three lists that divide powers between the union and state governments?

A
  1. Union List: Subjects like finance and foreign relations where only the union government can make laws.
  2. State List: Subjects like housing and transport where only state governments can make laws.
  3. Concurrent List: Subjects where both the central and state governments can make laws, but central law prevails
43
Q

What is federalism according to the Indian Constitution?

A

Federalism refers to having two or more tiers of government. In India, this includes the central government, state governments, and Panchayati Raj institutions

44
Q

What is the parliamentary form of government?

A

The parliamentary form of government, adopted from the British Constitution, gives real power to the Prime Minister and the cabinet, while the head of state is either a monarch or president

45
Q

What are the three organs of government under the Indian Constitution?

A

The three organs of government are the executive, legislature, and judiciary.

46
Q

What does secularism mean in the Indian Constitution?

A

Secularism means the state does not discriminate based on religion, and all citizens are free to practice their faith. There is no state religion.

47
Q

From which constitution did India adopt the concept of Fundamental Rights?

A

The Indian Constitution adopted the concept of Fundamental Rights from the United States Constitution.

48
Q

What are the six Fundamental Rights provided by the Indian Constitution?

A
  1. Right to equality
  2. Right to freedom
  3. Right against exploitation
  4. Right to freedom of religion
  5. Cultural and educational rights
  6. Right to constitutional remedies
49
Q

What is the significance of Fundamental Rights in India?

A

Fundamental Rights ensure the dignity and freedom of individuals, protect against discrimination, act as a check on government power, and are enforceable by law through courts.

50
Q

What is the right to equality?

A

The right to equality ensures that all citizens are equal before the law without distinctions of religion, race, gender, or caste. It also provides equal opportunities in public employment.

51
Q

What exceptions exist to the right to equality?

A
  1. The state can make reservations for women.
  2. Special provisions can be made for socially and economically backward classes, scheduled castes, and tribes
52
Q

What is the right to freedom?

A
  1. Freedom of speech and expression
  2. Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms
  3. Freedom to form associations and unions
  4. Freedom to move freely throughout India
  5. Freedom to reside and settle anywhere in India
  6. Freedom to practice any trade, profession, or business
53
Q

What does the right to freedom of religion entail?

A

It allows individuals to freely profess, practice, and propagate their religion, while state-funded institutions cannot engage in religious education.

54
Q

What does the right against exploitation cover?

A

It prohibits bonded labor, slavery, human trafficking, and child labor in hazardous occupations. Employment of children under 14 in roadside cafes, hotels, and as domestic helpers was banned in 2006.

55
Q

What is the right to constitutional remedies?

A

The right to constitutional remedies allows citizens to move to the courts (Supreme Court or High Courts) to enforce their Fundamental Rights

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