The Constitution

Question 1

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union

Answer 1

(1781-1789)

To all to whom these Presents shall come, we the undersigned Delegates of the States affixed to our Names send greeting.
Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts-bay Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and
Georgia.
I.The Stile of this Confederacy shall be “The United States of America”.
II.Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this
Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.
III.The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of
their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks
made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretense whatever.

Question 2

Constitutional Convention

Answer 2

in Philadelphia in 1787: debate and conflicts—-
Federalist Anti-Federalist debate, a.k.a. Hamiltonian-Jeffersonian debate; drafting
the document; ratification deal and compromise

Question 3

3. NEW Constitution

Answer 3

effective date : March 4, 1789

Question 4

4. federal republic

Answer 4

federalism: unity without uniformity

Question 5

5. philosophical background

Answer 5

social contract (Cicero, Aristotle; Locke and Rousseau)
separation of powers (Montesquieu)
checks and balance

Question 6

6. PARTS

Answer 6

Preamble
seven Articles
27 Amendments (Bill of Rights and 17 amendments)

Question 7

Article 1: The Legislative Branch (law-making)

Answer 7

1. structure: bicameral Congress
    the House of Representatives: (435 members, proportionate representation, at least
   25 yrs., 7 yrs. of citizenship, resident of the state, elected for 2 years every second
   year)
    the Senate: (100 members, equal representation, at least 30 yrs., 9 yrs. for
   citizenship, resident of the state, elected for 6 yrs., 1/3 is reelected every two
   years

Question 8

THINGS CONGRESS CAN AND CANNOT DO:

Answer 8

2. Powers and duties: Article 1. Section 8. (17 enumerated powers and the necessary
   and proper or elastic clause): law-making, coin money, borrow money, lay and collect
   taxes, regulate commerce, budget-power of the purse)

Question 9

LAW-MAKING

Answer 9

bill— House of Representatives—Senate—-President can veto a bill—
-goes back to Congress; if 2/3 of both houses vote yes—bill becomes a law

Question 10

Article 2: the Executive branch (law- enforcing)

Answer 10

1. structure:
    the President and his Cabinet (heads of the executive departments, appointed by
   the Pr. and responsible for the Pr.
    Departments
    the Executive Office of the president
    the White House Staff
    independent governmental agencies
2. Powers and duties: Article 2. Section 2: enforces laws, head of state, commander-inchief of the US armed forces, power of appointment, presidential pardon, representative
   of the US abroad, propose laws, makes and signs treaties

Question 11

Article 3: the Judicial branch (law-interpreting)

Answer 11

1. structure:
 the Supreme Court
 federal courts of appeal
 federal district courts
2. powers and duties: tries cases involving the federal government and a state, states and
a citizen and the US

Question 12

Article 4

Answer 12

Relationship of States to Each Other (fair treatment, fugitives, Civil War)

Question 13

Article 5

Answer 13

amendments

Question 14

Article 6

Answer 14

supremacy clause

Question 15

Article 7

Answer 15

ratification (9 out of the original 13 states had to ratify)