The Concept of Philosophy

Question 1

Defining is…

Answer 1

“…enclosing a concept within limits.”

Question 2

Philosophy doesn’t limit itself to anything. →

Answer 2

To delimit it is to cut its veins off.

Question 3

[Anatomy of a Definition] What is a square?

Answer 3

definiendum

Question 4

[Anatomy of a Definition] A square is a shape.

Answer 4

genus/category

Question 5

[Anatomy of a Definition] A square is a shape that has four equal sides and four right angles.

Answer 5

differentia/distinguishing factor

Question 6

[Anatomy of a Definition] A square is a shape that has four equal sides and four right angles. Examples of which include the face of a cube, the shape of a chess board or a game board, a slice of bread.

Answer 6

denotata/example

Question 7

“___________” is sometimes used instead of “differentia.”

Answer 7

Intention

Question 8

“Genus” and “differentia” as a set is called “_________.”

Answer 8

definiens

Question 9

“_____________” is sometimes used instead of “denotata.”

Answer 9

Extension

Question 10

In a nutshell, defining philosophy is a philosophical problem because…

Answer 10

● The term does not have a one-to-one correspondence

● To define is to limit

Question 11

Philosophical Questions → Inquiry Questions has no _______ or _______ answers but requires __________________ to arrive at answers.

Answer 11

right, wrong, deep thinking

Question 12

What are the 4 Characteristics of Philosophical Questions?

Answer 12

Fundamental, Universal, Natural, Vital

Question 13

What is required to become a good philosopher?

Answer 13

Nothing is required to become one. But, to become a Good One, we need an intact Sense of Wonder.

Question 14

4 scenarios that show the Sense of Wonder.

Answer 14

1. Detective Story
2. Watching a Magic Trick
3. Babies not getting used to the world
4. Stumbling upon a Martian

Question 15

4 Metaphors

Answer 15

Babies, Detectives, Martian, Insect

Question 16

What scenario is this?

you will feel that you are yourself an extraordinary being; we stop to think and realize how we are extraordinary beings → thus through more reflection, we get to come up with more philosophical questions

Answer 16

Stumbling upon a Martian

Question 17

What scenario is this?

They slip out into a brand new reality. We have an innate curiosity, we feel like we are in a world with endless possibilities. The x takes it for granted before developing a philosophical mind. An active sense of wonder and the ability to ask questions is the main requirement of a philosopher.

Answer 17

Babies not getting used to the world

Question 18

What scenario is this?

We cannot understand how it is done. In the case of the rabbit, we know that it was a trick, but we don’t know how it is done. We are like the white rabbit in the sense that we are a part of something mysterious. But the rabbit doesn’t know that it is part of a trick.

Answer 18

Watching a Magic Trick

Question 19

What scenario is this?

who is the murderer? Police are able to solve a real crime or they might not be able to come up with a solution right away. However, there is only ONE ABSOLUTE truth.

Answer 19

Detective Story

Question 20

What metaphor is this?

● Intact and active sense of wonder
● Naturally curious and inquisitive
● They will not stop until their questions are met with reasonable answers

Answer 20

Babies

Question 21

What metaphor is this?

● They toil to find out the answers to their questions
● They use logic to find evidence and clues
● The world is a mystery to them

Answer 21

Detective

Question 22

What metaphor is this?

● They toil to find out the answers to their questions
● They use logic to find evidence and clues
● The world is a mystery to them

Answer 22

Martian

Question 23

What metaphor is this?

1. little irritants
   • sting and annoy people with their questions
2. philoso-fleas
   • tries to climb until it reaches the tip of the rabbit’s fur
   • philosophizing is like climbing – leads to enlightenment;
   • Empedocles jumped in Mt. Etna to prove immortality of soul
   • Heraclitus lost his sanity to philosophy
3. truth as the motivation
   • philosophy is the search for truth (the flea wants to know what the magician knows)
   • philosophers will risk it all in order to be close to the truth

Answer 23

Insect

Question 24

2 Thought Experiments that prove how habituated men are to the world

Answer 24

1. The Martian

2. The Floating Dad

Question 25

4 Tasks of Philosophers

Answer 25

o Free oneself from the shackles of
o Pursue the truth
o Commit to the truth
o Sting other people

Question 26

Tree Illustration

____________ (Roots) → ____________ (Trunks) → ____________ (Fruits)

Answer 26

Philosophy, Science, Technology and Advancements

Question 27

What Illustration is this?

The disciplines of philosophy encapsulate many sciences.

Answer 27

The Buffet Illustration

Question 28

If a question can be answered empirically, it is not a philosophical question.

1. Statements of ______________________.
2. Questions that the __________ can answer are not philosophical questions.
3. Questions about ____________________.
4. Questions in _______________________________________.

Answer 28

ordinary perception
sciences
what has happened in the past
arithmetic, algebra, and the other branches of mathematics

Question 29

the study of correct reasoning

Answer 29

logic

Question 30

the study of the justification of claims to knowledge (the constant attempt to answer the question “how do you know?”)

Answer 30

epistemology

Question 31

the study of reality other than the reality studied by history and the empirical and mathematical sciences

Answer 31

metaphysics

Question 32

the good (ethics) and the beautiful (aesthetics)

Answer 32

the study of values

Question 33

Philosophical Questions
• Philosophy begins with ___________ questions.
• Our philosophizing can begin with a ___________ incident.

Answer 33

nagging, trivial

Question 34

Philosophical Questions
• Philosophy simply stated, is the experience of asking such grand ____________ about life, about what we know, about what we ought to do or believe in.
o It the process of getting to the ______________, asking those basic questions about ideas that, most of the time, we simply take for granted, never think of questioning, and probably put into words.
• Philosophy proceeds through ____________, as when two philosophers or philosophy students argue with one another.

Answer 34

questions, bottom of things, disagreement