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CHEM102 > The Concept Of Functional Groups In Organic Molecules And Homologous Series > Flashcards

The Concept Of Functional Groups In Organic Molecules And Homologous Series Flashcards

1
Q

Functional group

A

Part of organic molecule responsible for it’s CHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR (reactivity)

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2
Q

Homologous series

A

*A family of related organic compounds with similar chemical structure
*A family of organic compounds that have the same functional group and belong to the same family

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3
Q

Characteristics of elements in a homologous series

A

*they are represented by a general molecular formular
*They are prepared by similar methods
*Each member has a relative molecular mass of 14 greater than the preceeding compound in the series
*Members of any homologous series exhibit a regular gradation of physical properties for example alkanes ..1-4 carbon atoms are gases at room temp
:Pentane(5 carbon atom) is a volatile liquid with a boiling point of 36°c
:The very high members are solids
:The melting point and boiling points of members of the alkane series is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the number of carbon atoms per molecule

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4
Q

What is the chemistry of the different classes of organic compounds

A

This is the chemistry of their functional group

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5
Q

Compared to the functional group of a compound, the rest of the molecules are ?

A

They are relatively inert

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6
Q

Functional group is also known as

A

The site of the reaction

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7
Q

What part of the organic compound goes into reactivity

A

The functional group
NB
Carbon does not participate in the reaction

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8
Q

Class of OC: alkanes
*General formular
*Functional group

A

CnH2n+2

Single bond hydrocarbon chain

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9
Q

Class of OC: alkenes (olefines)
General formular
Functional group

A

CnH2n

Double bond hydrocarbon chain

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10
Q

Class of OC: alkynes (acetylene)
General formular
Functional group

A

CnH2n-2

Thriple bond hydrocarbon chain

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11
Q

Class of OC: alkyl halides (Halogenoalkanes)
General formular
Functional group

A

R-X (X is for any halogen)
Or CnH2n+1-X

Halogen atom X
X= F,Cl,Br,I

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12
Q

Class of OC: alcohol (alkanols)
General formular
Functional group

A

R-OH or
CnH2n+1-OH

Hydroxyl group (-OH)

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13
Q

Class of OC: Ethers (alkoxyalkanes)
General formular
Functional group

A

R-O-R

C-O-C group

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14
Q

Class of OC: Nitriles(Cyanides)
General formular
Functional group

A

R-CN

Cyanide group

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15
Q

Class of OC: isocyanides(carbylamines)
General formular
Functional group

A

R-NC

The isocyanide group

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16
Q

Class of OC: Aldehydes(alkanals)
General formular
Functional group

A

RCHO

Aldehydic group

17
Q

Class of OC: ketones(alkanones)
General formular
Functional group

A

R CO R
Carbonyl group (CO)

18
Q

Class of OC: carboxylic group(alkanoic)
General formular
Functional group

A

RCOOH

Carboxylic group

19
Q

Class of OC: Esters
General formular
Functional group

A

RCOOR

Ester group (COO)

20
Q

Class of OC: amines
General formular
Functional group

A

R-NH2

Amino group

21
Q

Class of OC: amides
General formular
Functional group

A

R-CONH2

Amide group

22
Q

Class of OC: acid halides
General formular
Functional group

A

RCOX

acyl

23
Q

Class of OC: acid anhydrides
General formular
Functional group

A

RCOOCOR

Anhydride group

24
Q

Class of OC: Thioalcohols (thiols, mercaptons)
General formular
Functional group

A

R-SH

Thio(mercapto) group (-SH)

25
Q

Class of OC: thioethers (sulphides)
General formular
Functional group

A

R-S-R

-SR

26
Q

Class of OC: arenes
General formular
Functional group

A

C6H6

Benzene ring

27
Q

Class of OC: substituted arenes
General formular
Functional group

A

C6H - FG

benzene rings + functional group

28
Q

Organic compounds are insoluble in what

A

Water

29
Q

Organic compounds are soluble in solvents that contain the following polar groups

A

-OH
-COOH
-SO3H

30
Q

Organic solvents are soluble in what

A

Organic non polar solvents such as
Benzene, toluene, ether

31
Q

Why don’t organic compounds conduct electricity in molten form

A

This is because they exist as covalent molecules

CHEM102 (4 decks)

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