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History - Depression, War & Recovery > The coming of War > Flashcards

The coming of War Flashcards

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1
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what was the treaty of versailles?

A

the peace terms between Germany and the allies

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2
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what were the terms of the treaty of versailles?

A
  • loss of territory
  • massive reparation payments and demilitarization (reduced navy, no tanks, 100 000 men maximum)
  • Germany has to accept the blame for starting the war (the war-guilt clause)

LAMB

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3
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what were Hitler’s aims when he became chancellor?

A
  • determined to change the Treaty of Versailles
  • unite all German speaking people
  • gain Lebensraum (living space)
  • restore Germany as a great economic, political and military power
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4
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
why would the aims of Hitler cause tension with Britiain?

A

because he went against the treaty of versaille which angered France and Britian.
This meant Hitler became a threat to other countries

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5
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
when did Adolf Hitler become chancellor of Germany?

A

January 1933

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6
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what was the first step that led to war?

A

Germany withdraws from League of Nations in October 1933. Was a problem because the League of Nations promotes peace

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7
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what was rearmament?

A

the german army was secretly increased from 100,000 to 300,000 with 1000 aircraft - this went public in 1935. the army was later increased to 550,000 and 2500 aircraft

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7
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
how did the saar return to german control?

A

the saar voted to return to Germany after being controlled by the league of nations. the vote was called the saar plebiscite - it was 90/10.

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7
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
can you list the 8 steps that led to war in 1939 and when they were?

A
  1. germany withdraws from league of nations - october 1933
  2. germany regains the saar - january 1935
  3. rearmament - march 1935
  4. re-militarisation of the rhineland - march 1936
  5. anschluss (annexation of Austria) - march 1938
  6. germany reclaims the sudetanland - september 1938
  7. germany occupies the rest of Czechoslovakia - march 1939
  8. invasion of poland - 1st september 1939
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8
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
why did hitler say he wanted to re-militarise the rhineland?

A

because he felt threatened by France. This went against the treaty of versailles

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9
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what was the annexation of Austria

A

troops entered Austria and eliminated/imprisoned anyone who got in their way to gain control of the Austrian government. There was a vote in which 75% voted to be part of Germany but it was fixed.

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10
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what was the Munich agreement?

A

Hitler called a conference with Britian, France and Italy and signed the Munich agreement to give the sudetanland back to Germany.

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11
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
how did Germany break the Munich agreement?

A

7 months later the german military occupied the rest of czechoslovakia

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12
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
how did the invasion of poland start the war officially?

A

there was the Nazi-Soviet pact to divide Poland between them but Britain also had a pact with Poland. Hitler ignored Britain’s ultimatum and war was declared.

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13
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what is appeasement? how did Neville Chamberlain think it could be achieved?

A

it is giving into demands to keep peace. Chamberlain thought it could be achieved through negotiations and agreements to avoid war.

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14
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what are some advantages of appeasement?

A
  • the depression of the 1930s meant britain’s economy was still recovering
  • seemed a better option than relying on the League of Nations
  • keeping Hitler happy would help make Germany a barrier between Britain and the USSR where the communism was regarded as more threatening than Hitler
15
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what are some disadvantages of appeasement?

A
  • seemed to undermine britain’s key role as a permanent member of the League of Nations
  • made Britain look weak as they always gave in, making Hitler think he could get what he wanted
  • each act of appeasement allowed Hitler to become stronger which could be seen as encouragement of war
16
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what was the role of air raid wardens?
how many were there by 1938 and 1939?

A

the role of the air raid warden was to register all people in their sector, enforce the ‘blackout’ and sound sirens during air attacks.
by 1938, 200 000 people had joined the service and by 1939 1.5 million.

17
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what were the two types of air raid shelters? What did people do if they had no shelter?

A

Anderson shelters or Morrison shelters.

People would move in with friends or relatives, or force their way into underground stations particularly in the London raids.

18
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
What were the ways that Britain prepared for war? (7)

A

air raid shelters
air raid wardens
radar
barrage balloons
anti-aircraft guns
conscription
reserved occupation

19
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what was radar? how was it used?

A

radar was a defence system against enemy bombing. it made it possible to track human planes so defence could be arranged where needed.

20
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what were barrage balloons? How did they help?

A

they were large balloons attached to a steel cable designed to float at altitudes that would deny low level airspace to enemy aircraft

21
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
how were anti-aircraft guns effective?

A

they were capable of rapid fire at high angles. could fire 120 rounds per minute at a height of 2 miles about the ground

22
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what was conscription? how did it change as the war went on?

A

introduced in april 1939. compulsory for single men to join the forces aged 20-22. september 1939 - compulsory for men aged 18-41 to join forces.

23
Q

THE COMING OF WAR
what was reserved occupation?

A

gave exemption to skilled workers in key areas of work e.g. teachers, railway workers, and farmers.

History - Depression, War & Recovery (7 decks)

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