the cold war id's Flashcards
good neighbor policy
who: franklin roosevelt, herbert hoover, elihu root
what: Roosevelt introduced the good neighbor policy as an attempt to mend and improve relations with latin america. Through this he wanted to build economic and diplomatic cooperation between the us and latin america countries. This meant they would withdraw US marines from Haiti and Nicaragua.
where: united states and latin america, 1928-1945
significance: the us continues to provide foreign aid to latin america countries. had a democratizing effect and by 1946 5 of the 20 latin america countries were democratic. FDR also developed more generous policies for immigration
truman doctrine
who: harry s. truman
what: It stated that the US would make its best effort to contain communism in Europe and prevent its spread to Asia and eventually to the rest of the world believed in the tactic of containing communism and would give support to countries to fight against communism or soviet influence.
where: at home and abroad – latin america, april 1947
significance: prevented the spread of communism (except cuba) the communist dissent shaped foreign and domestic policy and culture change. Increased tension between the USA and Soviets was also a consequence of the Truman Doctrine as it proved that the world was divided
marshall plan
who: george marshall: secretary of state
what: a plan that aimed to help aid europe’s financial situation and thus re-store confidence back to the european people. they aimed to support projects that would contribute to a lasting economic growth in western europe - reduce trade and investment barriers, increased productivity. however the biggest challenge was getting a financial break of 13.3 million (103.4 billion now)
where: us and western europe, june 1947
significance: marshall was a great spokesperson and in march 1948 he got an initial 5.3 million and by the end of the marshall plan in 1951 the us would have contributed over 13 million. the marshall plan was a great success and was called america’s most successful aid program. helped other countries view the us as being very generous. no marshall plan in latin america
rio treaty
who: north and south america
what: The treaty created a defense zone encircling the continents of North and South America and promising they would mutually protect each other against communism. This meant that an attack on any American state by either an American or a foreign nation would be considered an attack on all of those bound by the treaty and that collective measures would be taken to repel the aggression
where: rio de janeiro brazil, aug-sept 1947
significance: banned brazilian, chilean and cuban communist organizations. many la countries thought there was no choice and no benefits; became more autocratic and right-leaning
house un-american activities committee (huac)
who: members of the house - republican congress
what: investigative group looking for communist people in the us - western democratic party
where: washington dc, 1938 and re activated in 1947
significance: inspired fear for many; people suspected anyone; others would give other people’s names up. this lead to many people being blacklisted and could not get hired; pleaded the 5th, still seen guilty and was used to weaken Democrats. this would lead to the alger hiss case.
spy cases
who: alger hiss, rosenbergs, huac
what: (1) a soviet couple received nuclear secrets from a soviet scientist and were caught and imprisoned. hiss wanted to lesson his wife’s sentence and turned in his sister and her husband (rosenberg’s). nixon prosecuted alger hiss however he was not charged for spying. hiss was a part of the state department and many democrats stood up for him.
(2) a couple were prosecuted and accused of being spies. they were killed by death penalty for espionage although their actual involvement was questionable.
where: 1948 and 1953, US
significance: weakened democrats, carl (real spy) would receive no sentence and the story of the Rosenburg’s would push more people into fear because anyone could be a spy.
McCarthyism
who: george McCarthy - republican senator, first term in office
what: a period of increasing fear and suspicion that the US was being attacked from within by communist and a much greater level of vigilance and aggression would be needed at home to win the cold war. he also presented his list of 205 communist spies in wheeling west virginia
where: wheeling west virginia, feb 1950-dec 1954
significance: feared mc carthy and his attacks. this would benefit republicans in the 1952 presidential election when a republican was voted. criticism would look like support for communism and no one wanted to align themselves with communism. he also had a tight relationship with the media so very few news articles would come out exposing him. He challenged the military in court and this was televised. The American public was able to see many of his repulsive qualities.
