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The Cold War. Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the ‘Big Three’?

A
  • Winston Churchill
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt
  • Josef Stalin
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2
Q

Describe the strength of their wartime alliance.

A

-The bond between east and west was a strategic wartime alliance, not a bond of brotherhood.

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3
Q

Who was the common enemy?

A

-Hitler.

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4
Q

How long has the USSR been communist?

A

-More than 30 years.

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5
Q

When was the Yalta Conference?

A

-February 1945, it was held in the Ukraine.

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6
Q

What happened at Yalta?

A
  • Japan: Stalin agreed to enter the war with Japan once Germany had surrendered.
  • Germany: Germany and Berlin would be split into 4 zones; Great Britain, USA, USSR and France. War Criminals would be punished.
  • Eastern Europe: Free elections to be held but the Soviet Union had a ‘Sphere of Influence’.
  • United Nations: All three joined and would aim to keep peace after the war. Russia didn’t get three seats.
  • Poland: Stalin wanted to move the borders, but Churchill disagreed. Stalin had control over Poland. Churchill agreed as Stalin agreed to not invade Greece.
  • No reparations were decided at Yalta.
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7
Q

Explain the disagreements from the Potsdam Conference: Germany.

A
  • Disagreed about what to do with Germany after the war.
  • Truman wanted to not repeat the Treaty of Versailles.
  • Stalin wanted to cripple Germany, so that the USSR were safe in the future.
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8
Q

Explain the disagreements from the Potsdam Conference: Reparations.

A
  • Disagreed on how much Germany should pay in reparations.
  • Truman’s aim was to not repeat World War One.
  • Stalin wanted compensation as 20 million Russians died in the war.
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9
Q

Explain the disagreements from the Potsdam Conference: Eastern Europe.

A
  • Disagreed about the USSRs policies in Eastern Europe.
  • Truman was unhappy about Stalins intentions and adopted a ‘get tough’ attitude towards him.
  • Stalin wanted a pro-soviet government in Eastern Europe. Her said if the people are united then no one will dare move a finger against them.
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10
Q

What is the ‘Iron Curtain’?

A
  • The ideological divide between East and West Europe.
  • Thought to have been caused by Stalin and how he went against the agreements about Eastern Europe.
  • Churchill made a speak about it in America to the president in 1946.
  • Stalin took over many Eastern European countries such as Poland.
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11
Q

Name the Eastern European countries taken over by Stalin between 1945 and 1948.

A
  • East Germany
  • Poland
  • Czechoslovakia
  • Hungary
  • Romania
  • Bulgaria
  • Albania
  • Yugoslavia
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12
Q

What is containment?

A

-Stopping the spread of communism.

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13
Q

What happened in Greece?

A
  • There were two rival parties, the communists and the Monarchists.
  • Churchill sent British troops into Greece in 1945, supposedly to keep the peace.
  • The USSR aid that they were disturbing the peace and the communists tried to take over.
  • A civil war started and Britain could not afford to fight, so America did.
  • By 1950 the monarchists were in control of Greece.
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14
Q

What is the Truman Doctrine?

A

-The USA were prepared to spend money, equipment and give advice to any country that America thought was under threat of a communist take over.

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15
Q

What was Marshall Plan?

A
  • Truman believed that communism will tae over if you are vulnerable.
  • Europe owed America $11.5 billion but the USA were willing to pay $17 billion to keep them capitalist.
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16
Q

When did the USA and Britain join their two zones together to make Bi-Zonia?

A

-January 1947.

17
Q

When did Britain France and the USA meet in London to discuss Germanys future without the Soviet Union?

A

-December 1947.

18
Q

When did Russia stop western literate being sold in Soviet Zones?

A

-January 1948.

19
Q

When did the USA offer Marshall aid?

A

-March 1948.

20
Q

When does Russia impose a partial blockade of West Europe?

A

-April 1948.

21
Q

What was the response to the Berlin Blockade?

A
  • The Berlin Airlift.
  • The day after the new currency was introduced Stalin cut off supplies to the west via railways, road and canals.
  • The allies responded by airlifting supplies into West Berlin including coal and food.
  • A supply plane landed every 3 minutes.
22
Q

What were the consequences?

A
  • Break down of trust between East and West.
  • Expensive for the West with 1,200 flights a day, 79 people killed. Total cost of over $100 million.
  • Aftern 11 months stalin was forced to back down and West Berlin stayed capitalist.
  • In 1949 it was decided by the West that the East of Germany and Berlin will remain under the influence of the USA.
  • West Germany became independent in 1949.
  • Increased hatred and mistrust of the Americans and the Soviets.
  • NATO was set up in reaction.
23
Q

What is FRG?

A

-Federal Republic of Germany.

24
Q

What is GDR?

A

-Germany Democratic Republic.

25
Q

What is NATO?

A
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.
  • Formed in April 1949 in responce to increasing hospitality.
  • “an armed attack against one r more of them, Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all.”
  • Members included USA, Britain, France, Italy and Portugal.
26
Q

When is a new country of West Germany created?

A

-1st June 1948.

27
Q

When do Britain, France and the USA announce a new currency?

A

-23rd June 1948.

28
Q

What is the Warsaw Pact?

A
  • Set up in 1953
  • Russian response to NATO.
  • helped keep them protected.
29
Q

Who and what started the Cold War?

A

The differing ideologies between eh USA and the USSR.

30
Q

What are the dates of the cold war?

A

-1945 to 1991.

31
Q

What is the Cold War?

A
  • The cld war began in 1945 and was between the USA and USSR.
  • There was no direct fighting.
  • There were differing ideologies.
  • It included the Cuban Missile Crisis and Vietnam War.

History (6 decks)

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