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IntelRel > The Cold War > Flashcards

The Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

Nature of Soviet Union

A

Paranoia (irrational fear), vast territory (from Europe to Asia) and ethnic groups, rough winters (made Russians tough), Cyrillic alphabet, natural resources (gas, oil, timber, gold, and diamonds), culture (Bolshevik ballet), ideology

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2
Q

SAD

A

Seasonal Affect Disorder

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3
Q

Buffer zone

A

Layer of weaker countries between “mother Russia” (gave them a chance against land innovations

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4
Q

Communism led to the end of

A

Private property (property is owned by the state and those who contribute to the state)

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5
Q

Characteristics of communism

A

Controlled by a few, very stable (they get it done then and there), government controls the 4 economic questions

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6
Q

Positives for the government monitoring everything

A

Keep unemployment down

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7
Q

4 economic questions

A

What to produce, how to produce (each factory is given a quota; not based on customer satisfaction), when to produce, and who gets productions (higher up in gov. the better quality of goods)

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8
Q

Market economy

A

(Dependent on consumer) private property, profit motive, consumers and price dictate how the 4 economic questions will be answered (developed by followers of Adam Smith), allowance for exploitation of people

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9
Q

Adam Smith

A

Wrote “Wealth of Nations” which outlined the market economy

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10
Q

Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam

A

Middle of WWII, FDR, Stalin, and Churchill motivate and change strategy (squeeze Hitler from all three sides); Ending of WWII, agreement over development of Europe (how to finish the war)(FDR sold US by giving up Eastern Europe); setting course for the future (Truman takes presidency)

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11
Q

What policy came about after Yalta

A

George Kennan (Mr. X) “containment” - if we can’t stop of USSR threat then we’ll contain them (it’s us or them)

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12
Q

Surrogates

A

Equipping others to fight battles for you (Vietnam and Afghanistan)

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13
Q

Arms race

A

Who could build more and better weapons (lead to Cold War)

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14
Q

MAD

A

(Mutually Assured Destruction) John Foster Dulles design of “Brinkmanship” - push enemy to the brink of war

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15
Q

Rules or policy of MAD

A

Both sides are rational, neither side is bluffing, and must be able to withstand the first strike

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16
Q

War paranoia

A

Football (case that holds codes to nuclear strike), window of vulnerability (we can go at them but they can’t go at us), triad (submarine launch, intercontinental ballistic missiles ~underground~ cruise missiles from planes)

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17
Q

US view of postwar (2)

A

Democratic government, free market, Germany must not be militarized

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18
Q

Soviet view of postwar (2)

A

Communist gov., centralized market, and Germany must be punished

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19
Q

The big three/four

A

US, Soviets, Great Britain, France

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20
Q

G.I. Bill

A

Gives free money and allowance to soldiers attending college

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21
Q

Baby Boom

A

Explosion of babies from 1945-1965

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22
Q

Satellite countries

A

(Smaller governments ruled under mother Russia) Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungry, Poland, Albania, and eventually Czech

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23
Q

Why was it called an iron curtain between US and Soviets

A

Can only assume what the enemy is doing

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24
Q

Contagious plague

A

Contain communism

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25
Q

Czech and US

A

It was the only Eastern country that had not fallen to communism, but when it fell it woke up America to begin the Marshal plan

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26
Q

Marshal plan

A

US gives 17 billion dollars to rebuild Europe in an attempt to stop communism (most generous act of humanitarian in history)

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27
Q

Berlin Blockade and airlifts

A

Stalin blocked the road from West Germany into Berlin so they had to airlift everything to and from

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28
Q

NATO

A

US ties to Europe (Monroe doctrine)

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29
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

Soviets version of NATO

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30
Q

Two events that began the Cold War

A

Soviets get nuclear bombs and China becomes communist

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31
Q

McCarthyism

A

Making frequent and wild accusations with no evidence (McCarther blamed his political competitors to being communist)

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32
Q

The Korean War

A

UN Police action (not a declared war)

33
Q

Stalemate for Korean War

A

No one wins; border stays at 38th parallel

34
Q

Douglas MacArthur

A

General during Korean War, he backed North Korea into China and could have ended communism there; but Truman tells him to stop giving N. Korea the advantage and pushed troops back the parallel

35
Q

Thermonuclear bomb

A

(H bomb) so powerful it took an A bomb to detonate it

36
Q

A negative impression of communism

A

Construction of the Berlin wall

37
Q

Meaning of Sputnkik

A

Traveling companion

38
Q

How did America respond to Russia launching Sputnkik

A

Promoted science and mathematics (gave free tuition for those majored in either)

39
Q

U-2 incident

A

Russia shot down an America spy plane; at first we denied it was ours but then we took responsibility

40
Q

What was the purpose of building the Berlin Wall (symbolize)

A

To keep West Germans (US) out of East Germany (Russia)

41
Q

Hotline

A

After the Cuban Missile Crisis, a phone connecting the White House to the Cumberland was installed

42
Q

Cuba and Turkey

A

Because the US’s missiles were so close to Russia in Turkey, Russia wanted missiles closure too the US in Cuba

43
Q

Brezhnev Doctrine

A

(Russians version of the Truman doctrine) countries will be forced to keep communism if they try to leave

44
Q

China card

A

Nixon established diplomatic relations with China in order to get Russia back on the table

45
Q

Russian’s economic problems with satellites

A

(Subsides oil for sugar) lack of consumer good and technology

46
Q

Russian’s invasion of Afghanistan

A

(Russians Vietnam) they wanted to instal a pipe line to access the warm water ports, and they feared Islamic fundamentalism

47
Q

US response to Afghan invasion

A

(Sold weapons to Iran) boycotted Olympics in Moscow and embargoed grain

48
Q

SDI

A

Strategic Defense Initiative, Reagan planned to put lasers and anti-Ballistic missiles on satellites in space (“Star Wars”)

49
Q

Who was the last soviet chairman

A

Gorbachev

50
Q

Perestroika

A

Reconstruction of Russia (economy, mind-set, everything)

51
Q

Glasnost

A

Open up trade and certain secrets to Russia (lifting of iron curtain)

52
Q

Chauvinism

A

Super nationalist

53
Q

What satellite country was most rebellious to Russia

A

Poland

54
Q

1991 what is the main cause of communist down fall

A

They tried to expand too much and went bankrupt

55
Q

General management

A

Marshall staid in Washington as GM commanding Ike in Europe and McAuthor in Asia

56
Q

What time did the US deny the Truman doctrine

A

Hungary (1965) because US is dealing with Britain bombing Cairo

57
Q

What is the constant problem between US and Russia

A

Berlin

58
Q

What is the flare up between US and Russia

A

Vietnam

59
Q

Russians ideology

A

Military spending (lost both WWI and WWII), collectivization farming (merge all the farms together), and spread of communism (renamed towns after strong political leaders: St. Petersburg to Leningrad), buffer zone

60
Q

How long did the Cold War last

A

45 years

61
Q

When did the soviets first develop the nuclear bomb

A

1949

62
Q

Deterrence

A

Each nation has enough nuclear weapons to survive and still destroy the enemy

63
Q

Who coined “iron curtain”

A

Winston Churchill

64
Q

Berlin was divided into

A

4

65
Q

Containment sought to

A

Stop the spread of communism

66
Q

Berlin Wall was built in

A

August 1961

67
Q

When superpowers frequently use third parties (surrogates) to fight by backing opposing sides of conflict

A

Proxy war

68
Q

In 1949, what did US force on China

A

Nationalist

69
Q

When did Nixon visit China

A

1972

70
Q

Countries of Indochina

A

Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

71
Q

When did American combat troops leave Vietnam

A

March 29, 1973

72
Q

How does the term communist government contradict itself

A

There is no central government

73
Q

Countries of the former Yugoslavia

A

Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, and Slovenia

74
Q

Nonnuclear weapons

A

Conventional

75
Q

Members of nuclear club

A

US, Soviet, France, Great Britain, China, India, and Pakistan

76
Q

Nuclear policy of Israel where they do not admit having nuclear weapons

A

Nuclear ambiguity (neither confirm nor denies)

77
Q

Where is it illegal to text nuclear weapons; legal

A

Atmosphere, outer space, and underwater but not underground

78
Q

Countries that signed the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972

A

US, India, Russia, and South Korea

IntelRel (4 decks)

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