the cns

Question 1

retinas

Answer 1

setchatka

Question 2

cranial cavity

Answer 2

polost cherepa

Question 3

the layers of cns

Answer 3

dura mater,aracnoid and pia mater

Question 4

what is between arachnoid and pia mater?

Answer 4

csf

Question 5

what is the brain stem function?

Answer 5

controls involuntary actions
heart rate, digestion, and sleep
   e,g, breathing
       swallowing
       digestion
       sleeping
       walking
        sensory and motor information integration

Question 6

what is the function of cerebellum?

Answer 6

coordinates muscles

control balance & posture

Question 7

what is the function of cerebrum?

Answer 7

voluntary actions as thoughts & memories

senses and speech

Question 8

what are in the skull?

Answer 8

cerebral cortex
cerebellum
brain stem
basal ganglia
retinas
limbic system
thalamus
hypothalamus

Question 9

what are parts of the brain make up 2 cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 9

cerebral cortex
limbic system
basal ganglia

Question 10

What connects the 2 hemispheres?

Answer 10

the corpus callosum

Question 11

what are basal ganglia?

Answer 11

• The “basal ganglia” refers to a group of subcortical nuclei responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviors, and emotions.
  - play important roles in movement control, posture, and regulating motivation.E.G.Planning and modulation of movement, memory, eye movements, reward processing, motivation

Question 12

what is the limbic system?

Answer 12

The limbic system is the part of the brain involved in our behavioral and emotional responses, especially for behaviors we need for survival: feeding, reproduction, caring for our young, and fight-or-flight responses.
It plays a role in memory formation and includes parts of the thalamus,hypothalamus and hippocampus.
One important structure within the limbic system is a temporal lobe structure called the amygdala, which is important both for the sensation of fear and for recognizing fearful faces.

Question 13

what is thalamus?

Answer 13

acts as a gateway to and from the cortex. It receives sensory and motor inputs from the body and also receives feedback from the cortex. The thalamus helps regulate consciousness, arousal(awakening, waking, wakening, arousal), and sleep states.

Question 14

what is the hypothalamus?

Answer 14

-Below the thalamus is the hypothalamus.
—controls the endocrine system by sending signals to the pituitary gland.(гипофиз)
— is the body’s thermostat—it makes sure the body temperature is kept at appropriate levels.
—Neurons within the hypothalamus also regulate circadian rhythms, sometimes called sleep cycles.

Question 15

what is the function of CFS (cerebrospinal fluid)?

Answer 15

acts as a cushion and shock absorber.

Question 16

how many lobes are in the hemisphere?

Answer 16

4
frontal
parietal-in the middle
temporal-over the ears
occipital-zatylok,back of the head

Question 17

WHAT DOES The frontal lobe CONTAIN?

Answer 17

1 )Olfactory bulb(Обонятельная луковица)which processes smells.

2) motor cortex, which is important for planning and implementing movement.(моторная кора, которая важна для планирования и осуществления движения.)
3) NEURONS- control cognitive functions like maintaining attention, speech, and decision-making. Also, parts of this area are involved in personality, socialization, and assessing risk.

Question 18

WHAT IS THE OLFACTORY BULB ITSELF?

Answer 18

Smells are handled by the olfactory bulb, the structure in the brain’s front that sends information to the other areas of the body’s central command for further processing. Odors take a direct route to the limbic system, including the amygdala and the hippocampus, the regions related to emotion and memory.

Question 19

what is the motor cortex?

Answer 19

The motor cortex is an area within the cerebral cortex of the brain that is involved in the planning, control, and execution(ВЫПОЛНЕНИЕ ИЛИ ИСПОЛНЕНИЕ КАК ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ДИРЕКТОР) of VOLUNTARY movements. We can divide the motor cortex into the primary motor cortex and the non-primary motor cortex. The primary motor cortex is critical for initiating motor movements.

Question 19

what is the motor cortex?

Answer 19

The motor cortex is an area within the cerebral cortex of the brain that is involved in the planning, control, and execution(ВЫПОЛНЕНИЕ ИЛИ ИСПОЛНЕНИЕ КАК ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ДИРЕКТОР) of VOLUNTARY movements. We can divide the motor cortex into the primary motor cortex and the non-primary motor cortex. The primary motor cortex is critical for initiating motor movements.

Question 20

What is the function of the PARIETAL LOBE?[PARAYATAL]

Answer 20

*involved in speech and also reading
* processing:
touch sensations like pressure, pain, heat, cold
the sense of how parts of the body are oriented in space

Question 21

What is the function of the OCCIPITAL LOBE?

Answer 21

VISION (ГЛАЗА НА ЗАТЫЛКЕ БОЛЬШЕ НЕ ШУТКА) AS SEEING, RECOGNIZING AND IDENTIFYING THE VISUAL WORLD

Question 22

What is the function of THE TEMPORAL LOBE(ВИСОЧНАЯ ДОЛЯ НЕ ВРЕМЕННАЯ)?

Answer 22

• behind the ears and are the second-largest lobe
• processing and interpreting sound
• EARS(NOSTALGIC MUSIC)
• also contains HIPPOCAMPUS—>processes memory formation.

Question 23

WHAT IS THE SPINAL CORD?

Answer 23

is a thick bundle of nerve tissue that carries information about the body to the brain and from the brain to the body.

The spinal cord is enclosed within the meninges and vertebral column bones, yet it is capable of communicating messages to and from the body via its connections with spinal nerves (part of the peripheral nervous system).

Question 24

WHAT IS BUTTERFLY SHAPED PART OF THE SPINAL CORD?

Answer 24

-GRAY MATTER=AXONS

Question 25

WHAT IS GREY MATTER IN SC?

Answer 25

neuron and glia cell bodies

Question 26

WHAT DO Axons and cell bodies in the DORSAL SPINAL?

Answer 26

convey mostly sensory information from the body to the brain

Question 27

WHAT DO Axons and cell bodies in the SPINAL CORD?

Answer 27

primarily transmit signals controlling movement from the brain to the body.
-The spinal cord also controls motor reflexes. These reflexes are quick, unconscious movements—like automatically removing a hand from a hot object. Reflexes are so fast because they involve local synaptic connections.