The Clinical Laboratory

Question 1

A collection of people working together under a defined structure for achieving a predetermined outcome

Answer 1

ORGANIZATION

Question 2

Consists of four structural models; each component is specifically functioned to fulfill the mission and vision of the entire organization

Answer 2

ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN

Question 3

It shows the hierarchical organization level

Answer 3

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT

Question 4

Either a Pathologist/Physician trained in Laboratory Management

Answer 4

Laboratory Director

Question 5

Works under the supervision of a Registered Pathologist

Answer 5

Chief Medical Technologist

Question 6

Works under the supervision of the Chief Medical Technologist

Answer 6

Section Head

Question 7

A person who holds a bachelor’s degree in Medical Technology and works under the supervision of a Registered Medical Technologist; some lab technicians are strictly phlebotomists while some perform less complex tests and procedures than medical technologists

Answer 7

Medical Technician

Question 8

Assists the Medical Technologist or Lab Technicians whose activities should be limited to
nontechnical procedures

Answer 8

Laboratory Assistant

Question 9

Arranged along a common platform; imperative to declare the subdivided area of work (specialty testing, clinical services, anatomic services, and transform services subsections)

Answer 9

SELF-CONTAINED

Question 10

Merely shows different areas of work and the person assigned as section head; with this, each staff member can have independent functions irrespective whether they are assigned to the hematology of clinical chemistry sections, or performing routine or special tests

Answer 10

MATRIX COMPONENT

Question 11

Reflects an information technology model; consists of units or realignment of works to reduce duplications and revenue generating services; some laboratories may have an affiliated lab or satellite lab, which are part of networking services

Answer 11

NETWORK COMPONENT

Question 12

An element of a laboratory organization that literally means the commanding authority and one who is responsible for giving orders

Answer 12

LEVEL OF AUTHORITY

Question 13

In-charge of hospital-based laboratory; the director or person in charge of the clinical and anatomic laboratory; a duly Registered Physician who is specially trained in the methods of laboratory medicine and microscopic study of tissue, secretion,
and excretion of human body and its function to diagnose and characterize disease of living patients; may also conduct autopsies

Answer 13

Chief Pathologist

Question 14

In-charge of School-based Laboratory; has the authority to give orders and enforce policies

Answer 14

Dean / Department Head

Question 15

An element of a laboratory organization that covered under special entity known as information management, which refers to the collection and management of information from sources and the distribution of that information to the audience

Answer 15

LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION

Question 16

This states the laboratory and institutional policy for the guidance of those working in a laboratory (examples: dress code, rules on food, relationships, etc.)

Intralaboratory Communications

Answer 16

Policy Manual

Question 17

This consists of standard operating procedures or technical manuals

Intralaboratory Communications

Answer 17

Procedure Manuals

Question 18

This consists of – working guidelines; safety manuals and quality management manuals

Intralaboratory Communications

Answer 18

Administrative Manuals

Question 19

This is the book of instructions covering the ordering of tests, proper method of collection, transport and storage of specimens

Extralaboratory Communications

Answer 19

Manual procedures and collection instructions

Question 20

This contains information about laboratory services

Extralaboratory Communications

Answer 20

The Laboratory User’s Manual

Question 21

This include periodic laboratory bulletins and newsletters

Extralaboratory Communications

Answer 21

Laboratory Bulletins

Question 22

The designated function of a department to divide and delegate tasks or workload; it is the mandatory
responsibility of a leader to avoid work confusion and complications and overlapping

Answer 22

DIVISION OF WORK

Question 23

• Attached to a hospital and perform complete tests on patients
• The head is the Chief Pathologist

Answer 23

HOSPITAL-BASED LABORATORY

Question 24

Workflow of Hospital-based Laboratories

Answer 24

1. Receive specimen
2. Assign laboratory number (Computer Registration)
3. Analysis
4. Tabulation of 2 or more results
5. Verification by competent Pathologist
6. Forward results to Physician/Nurse

Question 25

* Perform minor analysis and submit collected samples to private or community laboratories for thorough analysis * Headed by the Dean or Department Head

Answer 25

SCHOOL-BASED LABORATORIES

Question 26

Workflow of School-based laboratories

Answer 26

1. Sample analysis 2. Forward laborious analysis to private or hospital laboratory 3. Receive results the following day 4. Forward results to school clinics 5. Tabulation and Verification of result 6. Forward to school clinic

Question 27

# CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY LABORATORIES What is the HIerarchy of Laboratory Staff in a Clinical Pathology Laboratory? | Highest authority to lowest

Answer 27

1. Pathologist 2. Clinical Laboratory Scientist / Medical Technologist 3. Cytotechnologist 4. Clinical Laboratory Technician 5. Phlebotomist

Question 28

# CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY LABORATORIES What is the HIerarchy of Laboratory Staff in an Anatomic Pathology Laboratory? | HIghest authority to lowest

Answer 28

1. Pathologist 2. Pathology Assistant 3. Cytotechnologist 4. Histotechnologist 5. Histotechnician

Question 29

# LABORATORY SERVICE MODELS Equipped simply with the equipment that requires manual operation; services rendered are usually routine lab exams (urinalysis, fecalysis, and CBC); floor area is about 10 square meters | DISTINCTIVE MODELS OF HOSPITAL-BASED LABORATORIES

Answer 29

“Closed” Laboratory

Question 30

# LABORATORY SERVICE MODELS The discrete services are placed in one large room, where all the sections are confined; has a floor size of about 20 square meters; also classified as a secondary category laboratory’ can render all lab services and all equipment are manually operated and semi-automated, except that it cannot serve as a drug center | DISTINCTIVE MODELS OF HOSPITAL-BASED LABORATORIES

Answer 30

“Open” Laboratory

Question 31

# LABORATORY SERVICE MODELS Involves consolidation of various sections of the laboratory; has merging and novation of one or more sections | DISTINCTIVE MODELS OF HOSPITAL-BASED LABORATORIES

Answer 31

Core Laboratory

Question 32

# LABORATORY SERVICE MODELS Specific low volume or expensive laboratory services are consolidated into one laboratory; services rendered require strict compliance with the regulation of the hospital; also called hospital-based laboratory or clinical pathology laboratory | DISTINCTIVE MODELS OF HOSPITAL-BASED LABORATORIES

Answer 32

Regional Laboratory

Question 33

# LABORATORY SERVICE MODELS A traditional full-service lab that handles all kinds of testing, especially esoteric tests | DISTINCTIVE MODELS OF HOSPITAL-BASED LABORATORIES

Answer 33

Reference Laboratory

Question 34

# REFERENCE LABORATORIES IN THE PHILIPPINES What is the definition of RITM?

Answer 34

Research Institute of Tropical Medicine

Question 35

# REFERENCE LABORATORIES IN THE PHILIPPINES For confirmatory drug testing

Answer 35

East Avenue Medical Center Reference Laboratory

Question 36

# LABORATORY SERVICE MODELS Testing is usually bought to the patient’s bedside; this service is offered by the hospital laboratory equipped with portable or handy equipment that can be used by the patient

Answer 36

Point of Care Laboratory

Question 37

# LABORATORY SERVICE MODELS Also known as “response laboratory”; often located in or near an emergency department or surgical suite; these services are available in some countries and in tertiary-based laboratories

Answer 37

STAT Laboratory

Question 38

# LABORATORY SERVICE MODELS Provides a limited number of routine and/or specialty services on a stat or non-stat basis; example if hospitals have a research lab rendering specific lab examinations

Answer 38

Limited Service Laboratory