The Class Questions Flashcards
Describe Primary and Secondary Deviation, include terminology
Primary deviation:
Drift: The kid is still figuring himself out, will do some good things, some bad things
Status: The kid still has a bunch of roles, like student and son and athletic and all that. Trouble comes when their “master status” is criminal.
Secondary deviation:
Their master status is criminal, and they have a continuous commitment to a life of crime. This can either be negative, in that they continue because of what they’ll lose if they leave, or positive because they genuinely enjoy it.
Compare and contrast Sutherland with Biogenetics
Biogenetics:
- Destructive brain process: tumours, dementia, etc. lead to aggressive behaviour
- Brain damage: If you don’t have impulse control, you may commit crime
- Epilepsy: Aggressive behaviour may follow an episode
- Endocrine: Time of the month can make you LOOPY
- Attractiveness: If you’re ugly, people don’t hire you, which means you may need to commit crime to survive
Sutherland:
- Crime is LEARNED, and only learned!! Based off individual interactions (micro-level theory)
- Technique: If you try to learn crime and you’re bad at it, you won’t do it!
- Attitude: You need to WANT to do it, as well as be good at it. Otherwise you won’t bother!
- Technique is learned WITH other people who already know the things
What is differential association theory?
Differential association theory is based on relationships. The more positive relationships a person has with criminals, the more they will commit crime. This includes alienation from normal society/
- Crime is LEARNED, and only learned!! Based off individual interactions (micro-level theory)
- Technique: If you try to learn crime and you’re bad at it, you won’t do it!
- Attitude: You need to WANT to do it, as well as be good at it. Otherwise you won’t bother! This will come through association with others who have that attitude
- Technique is learned WITH other people who already know the things
- In order to become criminal, the frequency, duration, priority, and intensity of your associations with criminals MATTERS
- Learning occurs in small, intimate groups (this no longer applies because of the internet)
- You learn the stuff the same way you would learn ANY behaviour
- Ya gotta have the GOAL of crime!
What is Shaw and McKay’s ecological theory?
- When an environment is physically deteriorated, crime increases
- When a population decreases (people move out due to crime) Crime goes UP
- When there are high rates of drug, alcohol, and welfare dependency, crime goes up
- Crime is high in areas with lots of foreigners, because they don’t speak english and are less likely to report!
* Ecological Fallacy: High crime in a poor area DOES NOT mean that the poor people are committing the crime! Lots of the time, people come into those areas to commit crime so they’re less likely to get caught!
Describe the 4 points of Ivan Nye’s Social control (direct and indirect)
- Direct Controls: Police
- Internalized controls: Your own conscience
- Indirect controls: I don’t want to hurt others
- Availability: What am I able to do in this space? Crime or no crime, based on what my goals are?
What are Travis Hirschi’s 4 Social Bond points?
- Attachment: The degree of positive attachments to positive people
- Belief: Do you agree with societal norms and values?
- Commitment: Are you committed to the goals and means of society?
- Involvement: Extracurricular activities will distract you from crime (this is not supported)
Describe Language and Power in critical criminology
Because the law is made int he language of the powerful, it can say one thing and mean another
Describe the relationship between risk and the criminal justice system
The criminal justice system is all about managing risk and covering their butts. Any time a criminal comes in, there is a risk assessment to see how likely it is they will commit a crime again, and whether it is worth letting them out into the world. These leads to a LOT of paperwork. The best we can do is manage crime! Example is paroles
Give a general outline of the 7 points of critical criminology
- Destroy the system, don’t tinker with it
- Pluggin thisngs into the system won’t work e.g. glade reports and restorative justice
- Crime exists in the greater political, social, economic, and cultural contexts
- Mode of production: How badly does the system need workers to produce goods, and how does this affect the development of the law?
- Law is about MONEY, not social consensus
- Risk: Canada is SO risk averse, making it so that the best we can do is MANAGE crime, not solve it
- Power/language: Because the law is made int he language of the powerful, it can say one thing and mean another
* Foucault and Panopticon: Natural surveillance is everywhere. If people thing they’re being watched, they will be more likely to behave themselves
