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The Civil War Flashcards

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0
Q

What were the 4 Northern advantages during the Civil War?

A
  1. ) The North had twice the population
  2. ) The North had 80% of all industry
  3. ) The North had an organized and established Government.
  4. ) The North had four times the white population.
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1
Q

Hello!
Next Unit already!
This unit is long so there will be LOTSSSS of Flashcards! Sorry about the backup! Things have been pretty crazy with Dance and School stuff so I will try my best to update pretty frequently from now on so I’m not too behind!

A

I love this quote and I hope you guys enjoy it too!
“Working Hard is important, but there is something that matters even more: Believing in yourself”
~Harry Potter
If you believe you can do great, you will do great. I believe in all of you. You should all believe in yourselves.

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2
Q

What were the 4 Southern advantages during the Civil War?

A
  1. ) Their superior military leadership
  2. )They were fighting on their home soil
  3. )They were fighting for a cause they believed in
  4. ) They were fighting a defensive war
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3
Q

What was the difference in Types of Income between the North and South?

A

The North had many different types like businesses, factories, and agricultures.

The South was predominantly agriculture.

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4
Q

What was the difference in Education between the North and South?

A

Literacy Rate in North: 90% of whites

Literacy Rate in South: 50% of whites

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5
Q

What is the difference in Technology between the North and South?

A

The North favored technology and always wanted to be more advanced

The South was against technology and wanted things to remain the way they were.

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6
Q

How did the North feel about the South?

A

The North felt that the South was backwards and immoral

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7
Q

How did the South feel about the North?

A

The South felt that the North was always picking on them. They just wanted to be left alone.

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8
Q

Where was Jefferson Davis born?

A

In Kentucky.

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9
Q

When did Jefferson Davis’ family move and where to?

A

His family moved when he was a child and they moved to a plantation in Mississippi.

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10
Q

Where did Jefferson Davis graduate from?

A

West Point

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11
Q

Who did Jefferson Davis marry and in what year?

A

He married Zachary Taylor’s daughter in 1835

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12
Q

When did Zachary Taylor’s daughter die?

A

A few months after her and Jefferson Davis get married

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13
Q

Who was elected to the House of Representatives in 1845?

A

Jefferson Davis

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14
Q

What war did Jefferson Davis serve in and who did he serve under?

A

He served in the Mexican War under Zachary Taylor

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15
Q

Why was Jefferson Davis appointed to U.S Senate in 1847?

A

The former Senator had died.

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16
Q

What two things did Jefferson Davis do in 1850?

A
  1. ) He openly opposed the Compromise of 1850

2. ) He resigned from Senate

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17
Q

Jefferson Davis was appointed to _____________ under President ______
In 1853.

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Secretary of War

Pierce

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18
Q

Who recognizes the army and brought new infantry tactics and weapons when he was Secretary of War?
(1853)

A

Jefferson Davis

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19
Q

Who was Elected to Senate in 1857?

A

Jefferson Davis

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20
Q

What two things did Jefferson Davis oppose while he worked in the Senate?
(1857)

A

He opposed the Freeport Doctrine and Douglass running for President.

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21
Q

What did Jefferson Davis defend while he worked in the Senate? (1857)

A

He defended states rights and slavery in territories.

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22
Q

In what year did Lincoln become President?

A

1860

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23
Q

What other things happened in 1860?

A
  • Mississippi seceded

* Davis resigned from the Senate in hopes of becoming Commander of the Confederate Army.

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24
Q

Jefferson Davis was elected President of the ___________ in ____.

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Confederacy

1861

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25
Q

Why did Davis have problems raising money?

A

States only gave what they felt was necessary.

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26
Q

What happened to Davis following the defeat of the confederacy?

A

He was thrown into Prison for 2 years for being indicted for treason by a grand jury, but he never stands trial.

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27
Q

Where did Jefferson Davis die and in what year?

A

He died in New Orleans in 1889.

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28
Q

Where was Abraham Lincoln born?

A

Kentucky.

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29
Q

Where did Lincoln’s family move to?

A

They moved to Illinois when Lincoln was younger.

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30
Q

Lincoln’s family was ____.

How much money did they have?

A

Poor.

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31
Q

What was Lincoln’s educational background?

A

He was self-educated and never went to school because his parents couldn’t afford it.

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32
Q

What prior experience did Lincoln have in politics?

A
  • Illinois Legislature (1834-1842)
  • U.S Representative (1847-1849)
  • Lawyer
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33
Q

Lincoln was the most ________ President.

Fill in Blank

A

Powerful

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34
Q

Many people consider who to be the best President in U.S History?

A

Lincoln

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35
Q

Where was Robert E. Lee born?

A

Stratford Virginia.

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36
Q

What was Robert E. Lee’s Dad’s job?

A

Assistant to Washington

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37
Q

What did Lee’s mother teach him?

A

To look up to Washington

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38
Q

Who was Lee’s Grandfather?

A

Richard Henry Lee

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39
Q

Where did Lee graduate from?

A

West Point in 1829

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40
Q

Lee was ___ in his class. (Position/Rank)

Fill in Blank

A

2nd

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41
Q

What did Lee become after he graduated from WestPoint?

A

An engineer in the army.

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42
Q

What made Lee a perfect Southern gentleman?

A

He did not drink, smoke, or use profane language.

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43
Q

Who did Lee marry?

A

Mary Custis

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44
Q

Who was Mary Custis?

A

Martha Washington’s Great Granddaughter.

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45
Q

How many children did Lee and Custis have together?

A

7

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46
Q

What was Lee’s first job in the military?

A

To serve under Winfield Scott in the Mexican War. (1847)

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47
Q

What was Lee admired for when he served under Scott in the Mexican War?

A

He was admired for his excellent decisions and bravery.

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48
Q

What was Lee’s next military based job? (After serving under Winfield Scott)

A

He was named Superintendent of West Point. (1852)

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49
Q

How many years did Lee hold the position of Superintendent of West Point?

A

3 years.

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50
Q

What was special about some of the officers Lee trained while he was Superintendent of West Point?

A

Those officers ended up serving under him in the Civil War

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51
Q

Name a man who Lee trained at West Point that ended up serving under him in the Civil War.

A

Jeb Stuart

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52
Q

When was Lee named Commander of the Virginia Militia?

A

1855

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53
Q

What did Lee do while he was the Commander of the Virginia Militia?

A

He captured John Brown at Harper’s Ferry. (1859)

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54
Q

Lee was asked by Lincoln to take what military position?

A

Commanding General of the Union Army. (1861)

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55
Q

What does Lee say to Lincoln’s offer of becoming Commanding General of the Union Army?

A

He turns down Lincoln even though he does not believe in slavery or secession.

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56
Q

Why did Lee turn Lincoln down?

A

Lee decided that he could not fight against his relatives or his home state of Virginia.

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57
Q

With the war over, Lee was not a _______ or allowed to hold __________.

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Citizen

Public Office

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58
Q

What did Lee send to the Government to regain his citizenship and what happened to this item?

A

He sent his Oath of Allegiance, but the letter was lost.

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59
Q

Who found Lee’s Oath of Allegiance and when was his citizenship restored?

A

In 1970, an employee of the National Archives found the oath, and in 1975, his full citizenship was restored by Congress.

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60
Q

Lee was named President of what university and where was the university located?

A

Washington University in Lexington Virginia.

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61
Q

What did Lee urge Southerners to forget?

A

Their bitterness towards the North.

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62
Q

The size of Washington University grew because of _____________.

(Fill in Blank)

A

Lee’s Popularity

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63
Q

In what year did Lee die?

A

1870

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64
Q

Where are Lee and his family buried?

A

In the Chapel at Washington and Lee University.

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65
Q

What is the Chapel at Washington and Lee University known as?

A

“The Shrine of the South”

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66
Q

Where was Ulysses S. Grant born?

A

Point Pleasant, Ohio.

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67
Q

What was Grant’s real name?

A

Hiram Ulysses Grant.

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68
Q

Why was Grant appointed to West Point?

A

A neighbors son had left the academy.

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69
Q

The Congressmen appointing Grant to West Point wrote his name as ______________ and it was _____ changed.

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Ulysses S. Grant

Never

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70
Q

Grant graduated towards the ______ of his class.

Fill in Blank

A

Bottom

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71
Q

What did Grant hate?

West Point

A

He hated the discipline of the military.

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72
Q

What did Grant like to do?

A

Drink, smoke, and use rough language.

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73
Q

Who did Grant serve under in 1847 and in what war did he serve under this man?

A

He served under Winfield Scott in the Mexican War.

Sounds like another General we know wink wink

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74
Q

What did Grant win praise for? (Scott and Mexican War)

A

He won praise for his bravery.

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75
Q

Who did Grant marry?

A

Julia Dent (1848)

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76
Q

Dent had a physical characteristic that was known as a thing of beauty at this time. What was this physical characteristic?

A

She was cross-eyed

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77
Q

Where was Grant stationed in 1854, which separated him from his family?

A

California

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78
Q

What did Grant do about being separated from his family?

Stationed in California

A

He resigned from the army

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79
Q

Between 1854 and 1860, Grant tried ______ (once owned a _____), and being a __________, but was a failure at both.

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Farming
Slave
Store Clerk

(Remember that he was poor during this time!)

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80
Q

In 1861, Grant returned to the army as what?

A

A colonel

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81
Q

There was no _________ at the beginning of the war.
(In notes under Grant’s section. #7)

(Fill in Blank)

A

Distinction

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82
Q

In 1879, where did Grant return from and where was he going to live?

A

He returned from a journey in the Far East to live in Galena, Illinois.

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83
Q

Grant received strong support to run for what?

A

A 3rd term as President

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84
Q

What did Grant invest his entire life savings into in 1881?

A

A banking firm that his son was a part of.

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85
Q

What happened to the banking firm that Grant’s son was a part of?

A

The firm went bankrupt and Grant became poor again.

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86
Q

Where did Grant write his memoirs?

A

McGregor, NY.

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87
Q

Why did Grant start writing memoirs?

A

He wanted to restore his family’s fortune before he died.

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88
Q

Grants memoirs are a vivid account of what?

A

Grants dealings in the Civil War, and as president.

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89
Q

Who published Grants memoirs and how much money did his family make?

A

Mark Twain published the memoirs and his family made over $500,000

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90
Q

When did Grant die and where is he buried?

A

He died on July 23 of 1885 and he is buried in New York City

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91
Q

What was probably the biggest advantage for the South?

A

The Confederate Generals

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92
Q

What did the Confederate Generals provide for the South?

A

They provided a source of consistency and strength for the South.

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93
Q

What did all of the Confederate Generals have in common?

Where they were from. ect

A

They were all from Virginia (except for Longstreet who was from South Carolina) and they were all graduates of West Point.

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94
Q

Who was Robert E. Lee?

A

The commander of the Army of Virginia

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95
Q

Which Confederate General was an orphan as a child?

A

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

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96
Q

How did Stonewall Jackson get appointed to West Point?

A

He walked to Washington D.C to talk to a Congressman who helped him get appointed to West Point.

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97
Q

What did Jackson become in relation to Lee?

A

Jackson became Lee’s best friend, top assistant, and became known as Lee’s right arm man.

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98
Q

How did Stonewall Jackson die?

A

He was accidentally shot and killed by one of his own men at Chancellorsville.

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99
Q

Who attended West Point while Lee was Superintendent?

A

James Ewell Brown Stuart

Jeb Stuart

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100
Q

Jeb Stuart was in charge of Lee’s _______ and became known as ______________________.

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Calvary

“Eyes and Ears of Lee’s Army”

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101
Q

Where was Jeb Stuart killed?

A

Spotsylvania

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102
Q

What was James Longstreet in charge of?

A

He was in charge of Lee’s artillery. (Cannons)

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103
Q

What did Longstreet do after the war?

A

He criticized Lee and was considered a traitor by many when he joined the Republican Party.

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104
Q

Who led hit and run attacks with about 100 men from Lee’s Army?

A

John Mosby

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105
Q

These ________ tactics were more _____________ warfare on the Union Army.

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Guerrilla

Psychological

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106
Q

What was the name of a Union Fort in South Carolina?

A

Fort Sumpter

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107
Q

What became difficult when the Confederacy formed?

Fort Sumpter

A

It became difficult to get supplies to Sumpter when the Confederacy formed.

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108
Q

Lincoln gave orders to send supplies in at _____.
(Fort Sumpter)

(Fill in Blank)

A

Night

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109
Q

What begins the war at Fort Sumpter?

A

The South attacks the fort

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110
Q

Who attended West Point while Lee was Superintendent?

A

James Ewell Brown Stuart

Jeb Stuart

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111
Q

Jeb Stuart was in charge of Lee’s _______ and became known as ______________________.

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Calvary

“Eyes and Ears of Lee’s Army”

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112
Q

Where was Jeb Stuart killed?

A

Spotsylvania

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113
Q

What was James Longstreet in charge of?

A

He was in charge of Lee’s artillery. (Cannons)

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114
Q

What did Longstreet do after the war?

A

He criticized Lee and was considered a traitor by many when he joined the Republican Party.

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115
Q

Who led hit and run attacks with about 100 men from Lee’s Army?

A

John Mosby

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116
Q

These ________ tactics were more _____________ warfare on the Union Army.

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Guerrilla

Psychological

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117
Q

What was the name of a Union Fort in South Carolina?

A

Fort Sumpter

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118
Q

What became difficult when the Confederacy formed?

Fort Sumpter

A

It became difficult to get supplies to Sumpter when the Confederacy formed.

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119
Q

Lincoln gave orders to send supplies in at _____.
(Fort Sumpter)

(Fill in Blank)

A

Night

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120
Q

What begins the war at Fort Sumpter?

A

The South attacks the fort

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121
Q

What 4 events follow the battle at Fort Sumpter?

A
  1. Lincoln and Davis both call for volunteers. They will serve for 3 months
  2. The final 4 states secede: Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina.
  3. Border states/Slave states that remained loyal to Union: Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, And Missouri. A section of Virginia refused to secede and in 1843 it becomes West Virginia.
  4. No major battles take place between April and July
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122
Q

Confederate troops occupied the town of ________, Virginia.

Fill in Blank

A

Manassas

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123
Q

What 2 things made Manassas an important town?

A
  1. )It was an important Railroad center that was connected to Richmond.
  2. ) It was only 25 miles from Washington D.C.
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124
Q

What was the name of the General that led the Union during the 1st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)?

A

McDowell

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125
Q

How many Union soldiers did McDowel lead?

1st Bull Run

A

37,000

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126
Q

How many soldiers did the Confederate army have AT FIRST?

1st Bull Run

A

22,000

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127
Q

How many soldiers did the Confederates gain at 4:00PM?

1st Bull Run

A

10,000

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128
Q

Where did the armies meet?

1st Bull Run

A

A field next to Bull Run Creek.

Keep in mind that the creek is about the size of the Scioto River

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129
Q

Both armies were extremely _________.
(1st Bull Run)

(Fill in Blank)

A

Confident

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130
Q

What was different about the 1st Bull Run that no other battle in the Civil War had?

A

There were spectators at this battle, including many Congressmen and their families. They watched from a nearby hill.

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131
Q

What tactics were used by both sides and WHY?

1st Bull Run

A

Napoleonic Tactics were used by both sides because the weapons were very inaccurate.

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132
Q

Which army appeared to be successful early in the battle and WHY?
(1st Bull Run)

A

The Union army appeared to be successful early on because Southerners began to retreat.

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133
Q

Why did Thomas Jackson earn the nickname “Stonewall” during this battle?
(1st Bull Run)

A

He rallied up the Southern troops and “they held like a stonewall.”

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134
Q

What led the Union Troops to give up?

1st Bull Run

A

The heat (over 95 degrees) and exhaustion (they marched all night)

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135
Q

What did the Union army do when they gave up?

1st Bull Run

A

They threw down their guns and slowly began to retreat.

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136
Q

Why was chaos created when the Union Troops began to retreat?
(1st Bull Run)

A

They were headed directly towards the spectators.

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137
Q

Where were the troops and spectators heading towards?

1st Bull Run

A

A 1-2 lane bridge over Bull Run Creek so they could get back to Washington D.C.

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138
Q

What were drivers and soldiers doing to get over the bridge?

1st Bull Run

A

Drivers were slashing each other with whips and soldiers were pushing civilians out of the way.

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139
Q

What added to the chaos of getting over the bridge?

1st Bull Run

A

The Confederates shelled/fired at the bridge.

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140
Q

Who won the 1st Battle at Bull Run and WHY?

A

The South did because the North did not achieve their goal which was to take control of Manassas.

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141
Q

What were the casualties of this war?

1st Bull Run

A

South- 2,000

North- 2,900

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142
Q

What did both sides realize after the battle?

1st Bull Run

A

They realized that it would be a long war.

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143
Q

Why was McDowel fired and who was he replaced with?

1st Bull Run

A

He was fired because of a lack of discipline. He was replaced with George McClellan who specialized in training and added discipline.

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144
Q

What does Lincoln ask for after the war?

1st Bull Run

A

He asks for more volunteers.

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145
Q

How many volunteers sign up in the North?

1st Bull Run

A

500,000 sign up for 3 years and another 500,000 will volunteer in 1863.

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146
Q

The Union devises a 3 part strategy to win. Name all 3 parts.
(1st Bull Run)

A
  1. ) Blockade all Southern Ports
  2. ) Take control of the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers to divide the South.
  3. ) Take Richmond ASAP
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147
Q

What was the Union Army called?

1st Bull Run after battle

A

“Army of the Potomac”

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148
Q

How many men were in the Union Army in 1861?

A

Over 700,000

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149
Q

What was the name of the General that won a series of small battles in Tennessee in January?

A

Ulysses S. Grant

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150
Q

What city did Grant capture in February and what was he promoted to?

A

He captured Nashville and was promoted to Major General

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151
Q

Shiloh was a ______ on the Tennessee River.

Fill in Blank

A

Church

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152
Q

40,000 Confederate troops were led by who?

Shiloh

A

Albert Johnson and Beauregard.

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153
Q

How many troops did the Union have on the 1st day and who were they led by?
(Shiloh)

A

33,000 troops led by Sherman

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154
Q

_____ arrived on April 7 with ______ “fresh” troops.
(Shiloh)

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Grant

25,000

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155
Q

What do the Confederate Troops attack and what is the effect of this attack?
(Shiloh. April 6)

A

They attack a Union Camp. The effect of this is that Sherman is forced to retreat

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156
Q

Sherman appears to be in serious _______ and the fighting is very ______.
(Shiloh. April 6)

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Trouble

Intense

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157
Q

Whit the additional troops, the Union goes on the _________ and ______ the Confederates.
(Shiloh. April 7)

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Offensive

Defeat

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158
Q

Why is Grant criticized?

Shiloh. April 7

A

He is criticized because he did not attack the South immediately after the battle.

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159
Q

What were the casualties of this battle?

Shiloh

A

Very heavy on both sides
North: 13,700
South: 10,700

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160
Q

What is the battle of Shiloh referred to as?

A

“Bloody Shiloh”

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161
Q

What city did the Union also capture in April, 1862?

A

New Orleans

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162
Q

What did the Union gain control of when they captured New Orleans?

A

The mouth of the Mississippi.

163
Q

Who was the Union Commander that helped capture New Orleans?

A

David Farragut.

164
Q

What was the size of the armies and who were the commanders of each army for the 7 Days’ Battle?

A

Union: 130,000 men led by George McClellan-very slow and cautious

Confederate: 90,000 men led by Robert E. Lee-very risky, but intelligent

165
Q

The Union had an additional 40,000 men. What did they do with those men?
(7 Days’ Battle)

A

They had to leave them in D.C because Stonewall Jackson was leading raids up and down the Shennandoah Valley and there was fear that he would attack D.C.

166
Q

What 2 towns did McClellan slowly capture?

7 Days’ Battle

A

Yorktown and Williamsburg

167
Q

What did McClellan’s slow procedure allow Jackson to do?

A

It allowed Jackson to return and help Lee defend the Confederate Capital.

168
Q

What does Lee do when McClellan attacks Richmond and what is this known as?
(7 Days’ Battle)

A

Lee sends Stuart and the cavalry around to attack McClellan from behind.
This is known as Stuart’s Ride.

169
Q

What were the casualties of the 7 Days’ Battle?

A

Terrible on both sides.
North: 16,500
South: 20,000

170
Q

What were the results of the 7 Days’ Battle?

A
  1. ) Union loses because Lee accomplishes his goal by driving the Union forces away from Richmond
  2. ) The Union does not attack again and when McClellan returns to D.C, he is fired and replaced with John Pope
  3. ) The North is now depressed
  4. ) Pope is hated in the South
  5. ) Union forces move into Manassas because it was left unprotected.
171
Q

Before this time, what were all ships made of?

A

Wood

172
Q

What was the name of the first Ironclad ship for the Confederates?

A

C.S.S. Merrimack.

173
Q

What was the Merrimack?

A

A Confederate wooden ship that was covered in sheets of cast iron.
(It looked like a big floating barn.)

174
Q

The Merrimack was the 1st to use what?

A

Exploding Shells.

175
Q

What was the Merrimack also known as?

A

The Virginia.

176
Q

What was the name of the Unions first Ironclad ship?

A

U.S.S Monitor.

177
Q

The Monitor was specially built as an ________________.

Fill in Blank

A

Ironclad Ship

178
Q

What did the Monitor look like when it was in the water?

A

It looked like a Submarine because it sat very low in the water.

179
Q

What did the Monitor have that the Merrimack did not?

A

A revolving Turret

180
Q

What harbor was the Merrimack put in and how many ships did it destroy?

A

It was put into Norfolk Harbor and it destroyed 3 wooden ships.

181
Q

How many hours did the Monitor and Merrimack fight for when the Monitor went out into Norfolk Harbor to meet the Merrimack?

A

3 hours.

It was a draw

182
Q

How was the Merrimack destroyed?

A

It was scrapped and sunk by the Confederacy so it wouldn’t be captured by the Union.

183
Q

How was the Monitor destroyed?

A

It was overturned and sunk in a storm.

184
Q

What was the name of the 1st submarine to ever sink a ship?

A

H.L. Hunley.

185
Q

How did they get the money to build the Hunley?

A

A wealthy Southerner donated $ for the building of the submarine.
(THE SUBMARINE WAS NAMED AFTER THIS SOUTHERNER!)

186
Q

What was the Hunley made out of?

A

An old boiler.

187
Q

Where did the Confederates decide to test the Hunley?

A

In Charleston Harbor

188
Q

Explain how the Hunley operated

A
  • Could let water into tanks on each side which would cause it to sink.
  • To rise: pump water out of the tanks with hand pumps
  • 8 Men would operate cranks which would allow the sub. to travel 3 MPH
  • The sub. had dynamite connected to it by. 200 ft rope. Sub went under ship and dynamite hit underside of ship, blowing the ship up.
189
Q

What happened during all the test runs of the Hunley?

A

(Remember. Each test had crew of 9)
Test #1: Sank quickly and got stuck in mud-8 dead
Test #2: Turned over and sank-6 died
Test #3: Not exactly sure what happened. Panicked crew-9 died
Test #4: Wave hit and window was open-4 died
Test #5: Not exactly sure what happened. Sank-9 died

190
Q

Which Test Run was Hunley(wealthy Southerner) on?

A

Test #3

All men died in that test run so he died too.

191
Q

How many total people died on the test runs of the Hunley?

A

A total of 36 people died on the test runs

192
Q

What ship were the Confederates going to use the Hunley to sink?

A

U.S.S. Housatonic

193
Q

Where did they move the dynamite?

Hunley going to sink the Housatonic

A

On the front of the Submarine. They connected it with a long pole

194
Q

Describe the Hunley’s attack.

A

They went out at night a hit the Union ship in the magazine(where all ammunition is stored). They blew a 10 foot hole and sunk the Housatonic in 4 minutes.
Only problem: The dynamite pole wasn’t long enough and the explosion scattered the Hunley all over the Charleston Harbor

195
Q

On August 29, 1862, Lee returns to take back a town that the Union captured from them. What is the name of this town?

A

Manassas

196
Q

Where does Lee attack from and where does Jackson to attack from?
(2nd Bull Run)

A

Lee attacks from the front, while Jackson comes around from behind.

197
Q

Lee’s army defeats ____.
(2nd Bull Run)

(Fill in Blank)

A

Pope

198
Q

What town does Jackson take over?

2nd Bull Run

A

Manassas

199
Q

What were the casualties of this battle?

2nd Bull Run

A

North: 14,500
South: 9,500

200
Q

Who is Pope replaced by after this battle?

2nd Bull Run

A

McClellan

201
Q

How many men did Pope have during 2nd Bull Run?

A

75,000

202
Q

How many men did Lee have during 2nd Bull Run?

A

40,000

203
Q

Why does Lee want to invade the North?

Antietam

A
  1. ) To get the fighting out of Virginia
  2. ) He wants to get $ support from Europe
  3. ) He hoped to capture Maryland so he could surround Washington D.C.
204
Q

Lee sends a messenger to Jackson.. What is the messenger giving to Jackson?
(Antietam)

A

A copy of the battle plans

205
Q

What were the battle plans wrapped in?

Antietam

A

3 Cigars

206
Q

What happens to the battle plans the messenger has?

Antietam

A

The messenger lost the plans.

207
Q

Who finds Lee’s plans?

Antietam

A

McClellan’s men. They give the plans to McClellan

208
Q

Where does McClellan catch up to Lee?

Antietam

A

At Antietam Creek, right outside of Sharpsburg Maryland.

209
Q

McClellan has Lee _______ against the Antietam Creek with ______ men to
Lee’s ______ men.

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Trapped
70,000
39,000

210
Q

How many men does McClellan lose?

Antietam

A

12,300

211
Q

How many men does Lee lose?

Antietam

A

13,700

212
Q

This battle is the what?
(Another name for the battle)
(Antietam)

A

12 bloodiest hours in U.S. History

213
Q

Twice as many men die at Antietam than what three wars combined?

A

War of 1812, Mexican war, and Spanish-American war.

214
Q

Antietam has 4 times the casualties of what?

A

D-Day (WW2)

215
Q

What were the results of the battle at Antietam?

A

1.) South gets no help from Europe
2.) Lincoln decides to write the Emancipation Proclamation
3.) McClellan is fired for not following up his victory (for not attacking).
McClellan is replaced by Ambrose Burnside

216
Q

How does Burnside attempt to surprise Lee?

Fredericksburg

A

He attempts to surprise Lee by moving quickly towards Richmond.
He’s successful

217
Q

Why is Burnside delayed?

Fredericksburg

A

The army has not supplies him with the equipment he needed to build a Pontoon bridge. He requested the Pontoons 30 days in advance.

218
Q

Where does Lee put his snipers?

Fredericksburg

A

In pre-dug out holes in the hill outside of Fredericksburg.

219
Q

What River is Burnside trying to cross by using the Pontoon Bridge?

A

The Rappahonnick River. It’s too deep and too cold to wade across.

220
Q

What did Burnside lose by waiting for the Pontoon supplies?

Fredericksburg

A

He looses the advantage

221
Q

What were the size of both armies?

Fredericksburg

A

Burnside: 106,000 men. 12,500 casualties

Lee: 72,000 men. 5,000 casualties

222
Q

Burnside is fired after the battle at Fredericksburg. Who is he replaced by?

A

“Fighting Joe” Hooker

223
Q

What does Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation state?

A

All slaves in the Confederate states were free.

224
Q

It now became a war to end _______.

Fill in Blank

A

Slavery

225
Q

Why were the Border states permitted to keep their slaves?

A

They wanted to keep them in the Union

226
Q

What town was Hooker trying to take?

Chancellorsville

A

He was trying to take Richmond, but he was too confident and underestimated the Confederate Army

227
Q

Why did Lee split his army?

Chancellorsville

A

He learned that Hooker had a weak point along his right flank.

228
Q

Who did Lee send around to Hookers right side?

Chancellorsville

A

Jackson. This was very successful

229
Q

What happened to Jackson when he was sent to attack Hookers right flank?
(Chancellorsville)

A

He was accidentally shot by one of his own men as he rode up behind them at dusk

230
Q

What were the size and casualties of the armies?

Chancellorsville

A

North: 73,000 men - 17,000 casualties
South: 60,000 men - 13,000 casualties

231
Q

Lincoln fires Hooker and replaces him with who?

A

George Meade

232
Q

What were the size of both armies?

Fredericksburg

A

Burnside: 106,000 men. 12,500 casualties

Lee: 72,000 men. 5,000 casualties

233
Q

Burnside is fired after the battle at Fredericksburg. Who is he replaced by?

A

“Fighting Joe” Hooker

234
Q

What does Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation state?

A

All slaves in the Confederate states were free.

235
Q

It now became a war to end _______.

Fill in Blank

A

Slavery

236
Q

Why were the Border states permitted to keep their slaves?

A

They wanted to keep them in the Union

237
Q

What town was Hooker trying to take?

Chancellorsville

A

He was trying to take Richmond, but he was too confident and underestimated the Confederate Army

238
Q

Why did Lee split his army?

Chancellorsville

A

He learned that Hooker had a weak point along his right flank.

239
Q

Who did Lee send around to Hookers right side?

Chancellorsville

A

Jackson. This was very successful

240
Q

What happened to Jackson when he was sent to attack Hookers right flank?
(Chancellorsville)

A

He was accidentally shot by one of his own men as he rode up behind them at dusk

241
Q

What were the size and casualties of the armies?

Chancellorsville

A

North: 73,000 men - 17,000 casualties
South: 60,000 men - 13,000 casualties

242
Q

Lincoln fires Hooker and replaces him with who?

A

George Meade

243
Q

What three things were taking a toll on the South?

Gettysburg/Vicksburg

A

Inflation, Blockade, and the siege on Vicksburg.
(Lee’s last ditch effort)
(Under Gettysburg section in the notes)

244
Q

Lee had taken a great deal of what for his strategy to invade?
(Gettysburg)

A

Criticism

245
Q

At this point Lee felt _________ and _____.
(Gettysburg)

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Invincible

Cocky

246
Q

Why was Lee going to invade the North?

Gettysburg

A
  1. ) Make the North more anti-war -draft riots in New York City
  2. ) Loosen Grant’s grip on Vicksburg
  3. ) Get support from Europe
247
Q

Lee led his army into southern __________.
(Gettysburg)

(Fill in Blank)

A

Pennsylvania

248
Q

What was being spread through rumors?

Gettysburg

A

The exact location of where each army was

249
Q

Why did Lee and Stuart loose contact with each other?

Gettysburg

A

Stuart had advanced too far in front of Lee.

250
Q

Why did Lee take his army to Gettysburg?

A

The rumors there and Lee’s army needed shoes. The South heard that there was a large supply of shoes in Gettysburg

251
Q

What were the sizes of each army and where did the armies enter from?
(Gettysburg)

A

Meade/Union: 85,000 men. Entered from South

Lee/Confederates: 65,000 men. Entered from North

252
Q

Where did this battle begin and where was it eventually moved?
(Gettysburg)

A

It began in the town, but soon moved to the cemetery, hills, and fields outside of Gettysburg.

253
Q

Where was the Union Army fighting from?

Gettysburg

A

The Union Army occupied the hills outside of the town.

254
Q

Where were the Confederates fighting from?

Gettysburg

A

The Confederates were in the valley

255
Q

Lee wanted to attack __________, even though they had the _____________.
(Gettysburg)

(Fill in Blanks)

A

The Union troops

Strategic advantage

256
Q

Who disagreed with Lee’s battle plans?

Gettysburg

A

Longstreet and Ewell

257
Q

Longstreet and Ewell’s attacks were not well what?

Gettysburg

A

They were not well coordinated lacked enthusiasm, from the generals all the way down to the privates.

258
Q

Who’s Flank was being attacked when Lee decided to send George Pickett to attack the Union forces?
(Gettysburg)

A

Ewell’s flank

259
Q

How many men did George Pickett have?

Gettysburg

A

15,000

260
Q

Where was George Pickett going to attack the Union Forces?

Gettysburg

A

Up on Cemetery Ridge

261
Q

What was broken after 20 minutes of hand to hand combat?

Gettysburg

A

Pickett’s Charge

262
Q

After Pickett’s Charge, Lee’s army began to _______ and Lee told them to be prepared for the ______ that would come on ______, but Meade did not _____________. (Gettysburg)

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Retreat
Attack
July 4
Go after them

263
Q

Meade had an opportunity to do what?
Instead, Lee’s army escaped back to where?
(Gettysburg. Lee’s retreating)

A

End the war

Virginia

264
Q

Lee accepted what for the battle of Gettysburg?

A

Full blame

265
Q

What did Lee offer to Jefferson Davis after the battle of Gettysburg?

A

His resignation, but it wasn’t accepted

266
Q

What were the casualties of both sides for the battle of Gettysburg?

A

North: 23,000 men
South: 28,000 men

267
Q

The wagon train to carry the wounded after the battle of Gettysburg was how long?

A

17 miles long

268
Q

What were the results of the Gettysburg battle?

A
  1. ) It was the turning point of the war.

2. ) The South was never strong enough to go on the offensive again

269
Q

The Union wanted total control over what river?

Vicksburg

A

The Mississippi River

270
Q

Why was Vicksburg strategically important?

A

It was up on high cliffs and there was great visibility from the city.

271
Q

The Union Army surrounded the city and did not allow anything to go into or come out of the city for how many days?
(Vicksburg)

A

42 days

272
Q

What were civilians eating to stay alive in Vicksburg?

A

They were eating mules, horses, dogs, and rats to stay alive

273
Q

Who surrendered to Grant on July 4th at Vicksburg?

A

John Pemberton.

He was the Confederate Commander

274
Q

Vicksburg wouldn’t celebrate July 4th for how many years?

A

81 years

275
Q

What were the results of the battle at Vicksburg?

A
  1. ) The Confederacy was now divided.

2. ) The Union now had total control of the Mississippi River. Lincoln said, “Now the father of waters flows unvexed.”

276
Q

What three states were now separated from the Confederacy because of the battle of Vicksburg?

A

Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana

277
Q

Early recruitment of ____________ began in August, 1862.

Fill in Blank

A

African Americans

278
Q

What was Lincoln publicly in favor of by early 1863?

A

Recruitment of African Americans

279
Q

What were the first African-Americans only allowed to do?

A

Hard physical labor

280
Q

When were the first African-Americans ordered into battle?

A

May, 1863

281
Q

What was the name of the first all African-American regiment?

A

The Massachusetts 54th

282
Q

Who was the commander of the Massachusetts 54th?

A

Robert Shaw. He was a wealthy white man from Boston

283
Q

Where did the Massachusetts 54th fight at?

A

The Battle of Fort Wagner

284
Q

What Harbor did Fort Wagner guard?

A

The Harbor of Charleston, South Carolina

285
Q

Who led the attack on Fort Wagner?

A

The Massachusetts 54th

286
Q

What were the casualties of the Massachusetts 54th?

A

80% of the members had died during the Battle of Fort Wagner

287
Q

What did the battle of Fort Wagner demonstrate?

A

It demonstrated the bravery and courage that African-American soldiers could bring to the Union

288
Q

By October, 1863, how many African-American regiments were in the Union Army?

A

58

289
Q

By the end of the war, how many African-American regiments were in the Union Army?

A

166

290
Q

What was the salary of an African-American private?

A

$10 a month

291
Q

What was the salary of a white private?

A

$16.50 a month

292
Q

What percent of African-American soldiers died of disease?

A

19%

293
Q

What percent of white soldiers died of disease?

A

9%

294
Q

How many African-American doctors were in the Union Army?

A

8

295
Q

What was the highest position and African-American could hold in the army?

A

Captain

296
Q

How many African-Americans were promoted to officers?

A

Fewer than 100

297
Q

What was the South’s threat to African-American soldiers?

A

Any captured African American soldier would be put to death or back into slavery

298
Q

What was Lincoln’s reply to the South’s threat?

African-American soldiers

A

Every time the South put a captured African American soldier to death or back into slavery, a captured Confederate soldier would be killed in return.

299
Q

Overall how many African-American soldiers were there?

A

180,000 African-American soldiers and 20,000 sailors

300
Q

Where has the Union now advanced to and what is the Confederacy now doing?
(Beginning of Chickamauga)

A

The Union has now advanced from Tennessee into Georgia and now the Confederacy is fighting for survival

301
Q

What were the size and casualties of the armies?

Chickamauga

A

North: 63,000 men. 16,200 casualties
South: 57,000 men. 18,400 casualties

302
Q

The fighting was very intense and even until what Union General ordered his men to close a hole that didn’t exist?
(Chickamauga)

A

George Thomas

303
Q

Where was this battle fought and why was a hole closed that didn’t exist?
(Chickamauga)

A

The battle was fought in a heavily wooded area and one of Thomas’s assistants could not see a part of the army and reported a hole to the Union line.

304
Q

Who won the battle at Chickamauga?

A

The South because of the hole created in the Union line. They were able to push the Union back into Tennessee.

305
Q

“Chickamauga” is an Indian word that means what?

A

River of Death

306
Q

Who does Grant take over for at Lookout Mountain?

A

Rosecrans

Union army has a better attitude because of the switch.

307
Q

The Union forces are in the ______, while the Southern Army was __________. (Lookout Mountain)

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Valley

Up on the Mountain

308
Q

What causes the Union army to be successful in advancing up the mountain?
(Lookout Mountain)

A

The fog limiting the Confederates view down the mountain.

309
Q

Union troops are again in the valley for what battle?

A

Battle of Missionary Ridge

310
Q

During what battle do Union troops advance up a mountain with no orders from their commanding officers?

A

Missionary Ridge

311
Q

How are the Union troops successful at getting up the mountain again?
(Missionary Ridge)

A

Confederate cannons are on level ground on top of the ridge and their cannonballs flew right over top of the Union soldiers climbing the ridge

312
Q

In March of 1864, Lincoln names Grant the commander of what?

A

All Union Forces

313
Q

Grant becoming the commander of all Union Forces is a result of what?

A

The success that Grant had had in the West

314
Q

Why is Grant different from the other Union Generals?

A

He constantly attacks Lee

315
Q

What were the sizes and casualties of the armies at The Wilderness battle?

A

Grant: 119,000 men. 15,000 casualties
Lee: 64,000 men. 8,000 casualties

316
Q

Who was killed at Spotsylvaina?

A

Jeb Stuart

317
Q

What battle was only 10

miles from Richmond and where Grant could not get through Lee’s lines?

A

Cold Harbor

318
Q

The fighting at Cold Harbor was extremely ___, _____ Union soldiers died in less than __ minutes.

A

Bad
7,000
30

319
Q

Where did Lee retreat to and how long did he remain there?

1864

A

He retreated to Petersburg and remained there for the rest of 1864

320
Q

What was Grants strategy?

1864

A

Attack straight ahead, knowing that he would lose more men than Lee, but also knowing that he could replace them easier than Lee.

321
Q

What is happening to the South’s men?

1864

A

They are running out

322
Q

Sherman wanted to take his army through _______.

A

Georgia

323
Q

Why did Sherman march through Georgia?

A

Because he wanted to destroy everything in sight and break the Southern Spirit in Georgia.

324
Q

What city does Sherman’s army capture on September 2nd?

A

Atlanta

325
Q

From Atlanta, what does Sherman’s army do and why?

A

Cut a 50 mile wide path to the sea, burning everything in sight because he wanted to teach the South a lesson

326
Q

Sherman Is still _____ in the South today.

Fill in Blank

A

Hated

327
Q

On December 12, 1864, Sherman’s army captures _______. He then marched his army north to help capture ________.

(Fill in Blanks)

A

Savannah

Richmond

328
Q

Sherman’s actions are one of the first examples of what?

A

Total War in World History

329
Q

Who does the same thing as Sherman (burned everything), but does it in Shennandoah Valley?

A

Phillip Sheridan

330
Q

Where is Sheridan from?

A

Thornville, Ohio

331
Q

What was the name of the Confederate Prison for Union P.O.W.’s?

A

Andersonville

332
Q

Andersonville was built and opened in ____.

Fill in Blank

A

1864

333
Q

How many prisoners was Andersonville built to hold?

A

10,000 prisoners

334
Q

How many prisoners did Andersonville end up holding at one point?

A

33,000

335
Q

The prisoners where not provided with what? What did this lead to?

A

They were not provided with shelter which led to the spread of disease

336
Q

What ran through Andersonville and what two things was it used for?

A

A stream ran through Andersonville and it was used as a sewer/bathroom and as drinking water.

337
Q

There was little what for the prisoners of Andersonville?

A

Food and medical treatment

338
Q

Approximately how many men died at Andersonville?

A

13,700

339
Q

Who was the only man executed after the war for war crimes and what might he have been?

A

Henry Wirz

Might have been a scapegoat

340
Q

Who were the candidates in the Election of 1864?

A

Republican: Lincoln
Democratic: McClellan

341
Q

What did McClellan promise during the Election of 1864?

A

He promised to stop the war.

He appeared to have a legitimate chance

342
Q

What was the cause in the growth of Lincoln’s popularity?

A

The news of Grant’s and Sherman’s success reached the newspapers

343
Q

When was Lee finally driven out of Petersburg?

A

April 2, 1865

344
Q

Where did Lee surrender to Grant?

A

At Appomattox Court House, Virginia

345
Q

What was Grant generous about?

Lee’s retreat, 1865

A

His peace terms

346
Q

What were Grant’s peace terms?

A
  1. ) The men could keep their weapons for hunting
  2. ) They could keep their horses for farming/plowing
  3. ) The men were given food because they hadn’t eaten a decent meal in days
347
Q

What did Lee not offer and Grant not ask for?

Lee’s retreat, 1865

A

Lee’s sword

348
Q

Who’s house did Lee’s surrender take place in?

A

Wilmer McLean’s house

349
Q

McLean’s farm was the sight of what battle?

A

1st Battle of Bull Run

350
Q

Where did Lincoln’s assassination occur?

A

At Fords Theater while Lincoln and his wife were watching the play, “Our American Cousin.”

351
Q

Who shot Lincoln?

A

John Wilkes Booth.

He shot him in the back of the head

352
Q

Who became the 17th President after Lincoln died?

A

Andrew Johnson

353
Q

Slavery was banned by what amendment?

A

The 13th amendment

354
Q

When was the Gettysburg Address given?

A

November 19, 1863

355
Q

The Gettysburg Address was given in honor of what?

A

The men who died at Gettysburg in a dedication for a cemetery at the battle sight

356
Q

How many drafts did Lincoln make of the Gettysburg Address?

A

5

357
Q

How long did the Gettysburg Address last?

A

2 minutes

358
Q

What was the Gettysburg Address considered to be?

A

Insignificant by most people at this time

359
Q

Who was the main speaker at the dedication?

Gettysburg Address

A

Edward Everrett

360
Q

How long did Everrett speak for?

Gettysburg Address

A

2 hours

361
Q

The Civil War was the 1st to use ____________.

Fill in Blank

A

Modern Warefare

362
Q

What was used to direct artillery fire?

A

Hot Air Ballons

363
Q

What warfare was used for the first time during the War?

A

Trench Warfare

364
Q

The idea of _________ was also used/acknowledged for the first time.

(Fill in Blank)

A

Total War

365
Q

Who was the Secretary of War under Pierce?

A

Jefferson Davis

366
Q

Who did Lee and Grant both serve under in the Mexican War?

A

Winfield Scott

367
Q

Who was the Superintendent at WestPoint?

A

Robert E. Lee

368
Q

What person captured John Brown at Harper’s Ferry?

A

Robert E. Lee

369
Q

Who hated the discipline of the military?

A

Ulysses S. Grant

370
Q

What politician had no formal education?

A

Abraham Lincoln

371
Q

Who was Lee’s top assistant?

A

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

372
Q

Who was in charge of the Confederate Calvary?

A

Jeb Stuart

373
Q

Who was in charge of the Confederate artillery?

A

Longstreet

374
Q

Who was in charge of the guerrilla warfare?

A

Mosby

375
Q

What were the states called that stayed in the Union, but had slaves?

A

Border states

376
Q

What was the important railroad center between Richmond and Washington D.C?

A

Manassas

377
Q

At what battle were there spectators?

A

1st Battle of Bull Run

378
Q

At what battle did Jackson earn his nickname?

A

1st Battle of Bull Run

379
Q

What tactics were used early in the war?

A

Napoleonic tactics

380
Q

Name the 3 part Union strategy for victory.

A

1.) Blockade all Southern ports
2.) Take control of the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers
3,) Capture Richmond ASAP

381
Q

What Union general won a series of battle out west?

A

Grant

382
Q

What battle was named after a church?

A

Shiloh

383
Q

What Union general was slow and cautious?

A

McClellan

384
Q

What was the name of the Union ironclad?

A

Monitor

385
Q

What was the name of the Confederate ironclad?

A

Merrimack

386
Q

What was the name of the 1st submarine to ever sink a ship?

A

H.L. Hunley

387
Q

At what battle did Lee lose his battle plans?

A

Antietam

388
Q

What general wanted to build a Pontoon Bridge at Fredericksburg?

A

Burnside

389
Q

Who was killed at Chancellorsville?

A

“Stonewall” Jackson

390
Q

Who was the Union general at Gettysburg?

A

Meade

391
Q

Why did the Confederacy go to Gettysburg?

A

Because they heard there was a large supply of shoes there and the army needed shoes

392
Q

Who led the famous charge at Gettysburg?

A

George Pickett

393
Q

What document declared that all slaves in the South should be free?

A

Emancipation Proclamation

394
Q

What battle was the turning point of the war?

A

Gettysburg

395
Q

Where did Grant cut off all supplies and starve civilians?

A

Vicksburg

396
Q

Where did the Massachusetts 54th lead the attack?

A

Fort Wagner

397
Q

What word means “River of Death”?

A

Chickamauga

398
Q

What Union general led a march through Georgia?

A

Sherman

399
Q

What was the name of the famous Confederate P.O.W camp?

A

Andersonville

400
Q

Where did the Confederates finally surrender?

A

Appomattox Court House, Virginia

401
Q

In what building was Lincoln assassinated?

A

Fords Theater

402
Q

Who assassinated Lincoln?

A

John Wilkes Booth

403
Q

What was the name of Lincoln’s famous speech?

A

The Gettysburg Address

404
Q

What amendment banned slavery?

A

The 13th amendment

405
Q

What was used to direct artillery fire?

A

Hot air balloons.

406
Q

THE END

A

Congrats! You’ve reached the end of the Civil War section! Good luck on the test! You will all do great. :)

History (6 decks)

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