The Civil War

Question 1

Abolitionist

Answer 1

Abolitionists were among the growing band of reformers who worked to abolish slavery.

Abolitionists:
Harriet Beecher Stowe
David Walker
Fredrick Douglass
Sojourner Truth
William Lloyd Garrison
Elijah Lovejoy

Question 2

Sojourner Truth

Answer 2

Born into slavery and escaped in 1826.

Officially freed when New York banned slavery.

Along with other abolitionists, she traveled through the North speaking out against slavery.

Supported woman’s rights.

Question 3

Fredrick Douglass

Answer 3

Wanted Lincoln to use the war to end slavery

1. Argued slavery was morally wrong
2. The nation could not be restored if slavery continued
3. France and England would not side with the South if the war was going to end slavery.

Douglass spoke out against slavery and published anti-slavery articles.

Born into slavery, taught himself to read and write.

Powerful speaker.

Established Antislavery societies.

Helped to create the Underground Railroad.

Became good friends with Abraham Lincoln and advised him throughout the Civil War.

Question 4

Harriet Tubman

Answer 4

The most famous conductor on the Underground railroad.

Minty Ross took her mother’s first name and her husbands last, becoming Harriet Tubman.

When her master died, Harriet ran from her salve home: “I had reasoned this out in my mind; there was one of two things I had a right to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other.”

Over the course of 11 years, Harriet would return to the Eastern Shore and Virginia at least eight times to escort other fugitive slaves to freedom.

Harriet escorted 38 slaves to freedom, most of them she dropped off to Canada and picked up from Maryland.

Harriet was a spy for the Union during the Civil War. There was a raid conducted, freeing 800 slaves.

Harriet served as a nurse for the wounded survivors of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers. She was never paid for this.

Between the end of the Civil War and her death in 1913, much of Harriet’s time was spent taking care of poor people in her home.

Question 5

Elijah Lovejoy

Answer 5

Angry Illinois mobs destroyed his printing press 3 times.

The 4th time, the mob burned down the building then shot Lovejoy when he fled the building.

Question 6

Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 6

As an attempt to calm down slaveholders, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act. The act required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves. Anyone who aided a fugitive could be fined or imprisoned.

Some Northerners refused to cooperate with the law.

Question 7

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 7

A period where there was a civil war in Kansas.

Question 8

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 8

Allowing the people to decide. Douglas proposed abandoning the the Missouri Compromise and instead, implement popular sovereignty to let settlers in each territory vote on whether to allow slavery.

Question 9

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 9

Nebraska became a free state, Kansas became a slave state. Allowing Kansas to become a slave state went against the Missouri Compromise.

Question 10

Border Ruffians

Answer 10

Armed groups of pro-slavery Missourians. Thousands of border ruffians crossed the Kansas border to vote in the election after the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed.

Question 11

John Brown

Answer 11

Brown was an abolitionist who believed God chose him to end slavery. One night Brown led a group along Pottawatomie Creek, where they seized and killed five supporters of slavery. Brown was hung for the murders.

Question 12

Harpers Ferry

Answer 12

Harpers Ferry had a federal arsenal, armory, and rifle works; it was also in a slave state. His plan was to arm local salves, which would signal a general slave rebellion. He and his new army could stay up in the mountains and fight off enemies until victory was won and the last slave was freed. He tried to persuade free African Americans in the North to join him, but they thought the plan was too risky.

Brown’s men attacked Harpers Ferry, and Colonel Robert E. Lee was sent to Harpers Ferry with some marines. Ten of Brown’s men were killed.

Question 13

Dred Scott

Answer 13

Dred Scott was a slave who was bought by an army doctor in mMissouri. The doctor moved his household to Illinois, a free state, then to the Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was banned. Scott sued for his freedom because he once lived in free territories. The case reached the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court decided that the Constitution protected slavery.

Question 14

Lincoln/Douglas Debates

Answer 14

Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates. Thousands came to the debates, and the main topic was slavery.

Lincoln pressed Douglas about his views on popular sovereignty at Freeport. Douglas’s response satisfied antislavery followers, but lost him support in the South. It became known as the Freeport Doctrine.

Douglas won a narrow victory in the election. Lincoln lost the election, but gained a national reputation as a man of clear thinking who could argue with force and persuasion.

Question 15

Secession

Answer 15

Withdrawal from a union. Southern states debated the question of secession.

Question 16

Confederacy

Answer 16

Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina seceded. Delegates from the 7 southern states met to form the Confederate States of America, or the Confederacy, with Jefferson Davis as their president.

Question 17

Jefferson Davis

Answer 17

Davis was the president of the Confederate States of America.

Question 18

Border States

Answer 18

Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri were the border states. Although slavery was legal in all four states, none had many slaves. The states had ties to both the North and the South. These states were vital to the Union because of their locations.

Kentucky provided horses, Missouri provided iron, and Maryland surrounded Washington D.C. The border states helped the Union.

Question 19

Robert E. Lee

Answer 19

Lee was a Southern general whose leadership resulted in many Southern victories in the East. Lee made two attempts to invade the North, both of which failed. His army was turned back at the Battle of Antietam and at the Battle of Gettysburg.

Question 20

First Battle of Bull Run

Answer 20

Located in Virginia, many in Washington D.C. came to watch with their picnic baskets.

Stonewall Jackson brought reinforcements and helped the South win.

Northerners realized that this would not be an easy quick war to win.

Results: General McClellan is appointed as the new leader for the Union army; Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers for the army.

Question 21

Anaconda Plan

Answer 21

The Anaconda Plan had 3 parts to it.
1. Naval blockade all around the southern states
2. Control the Mississippi River
3. Capture Richmond (the capital for the Confederates)

Question 22

Fort Henry + Fort Donelson

Answer 22

The battle for the rivers began when Union forces captured Fort Henry. The assault was led by Foote and Grant. Soon afterward, Grant and Foote moved against Fort Donelson. The Confederates at Fort Donelson surrendered, with Grant demanding an unconditional surrender.

Question 23

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 23

Grant was an army general who led an assault against the Confederates. When the Confederates asked Grant what terms he would give them to give up the fort, Grant demanded an unconditional surrender. “Unconditional Surrender” Grant became the North’s new hero.

Question 24

South’s Plan for the War

Answer 24

Expected help from Britain and France (because of their need for cotton)

Fight a defensive war

But also - attack Washington D.C. (not defensive)

Question 25

“Stonewall” Jackson

Answer 25

General Thomas Jackson held out heroically in the Battle of Bull Run. He held out “like a stone wall” and was known thereafter as “Stonewall” Jackson. The Confederates unleashed a counterattack that forced Union troops to retreat.

Question 26

Battle of the Ironclads

Answer 26

Ironclad Merrimack attacked the Union ships off the coast of Virginia

North worried the South would send ironclads up the Potomac River and attack Washington D.C.

Union ironclad Monitor raced toward Virginia and battled with the Merrimack - neither ship could sink the other

1st battle between metal covered ships

Question 27

Battle of Antietam

Answer 27

When Lee got to Maryland, he split up his army and told them to move in different directions, hoping to confuse McClellan. Two Union soldiers found a copy of Lee’s plan and brought it to McClellan. The two sides met in the Battle of Antietam. With over 23,000 casualties, the Union won an important victory. Lee retreated to Virginia.

Question 28

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 28

The Confederates went to Gettysburg for supplies. The two sides encountered one another.

The battle lasted 4 days. Lee’s troops suffered 25,000 casualties, and the Union suffered 23,000 casualties.

The Union was the victor of the battle.

Union troops were outnumbered and retreated to Cemetery Ridge. The Union forces didn’t retreat and Lee ordered an attack on the Union army.

The Confederate’s hopes of gaining the help of Britain and France were lost.

Question 29

The Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 29

Freed the slaves in the states that had seceded from the Union.

Slavery was still permitted in the border states.

If the Union won, slavery would be banned forever.

Question 30

Two Reasons Lincoln had for Fighting the Civil War

Answer 30

1. To restore the Union
2. To forever end slavery in the U.S.