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Pre-Book Politics > The Citizenship Book > Flashcards

The Citizenship Book Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Equality Act and when was it created?

A

A law which bans unfair treatment and helps achieve equal opportunities in the workplace and wider society. It was created in 2010

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2
Q

What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

A

A declaration written after the Second World War to protect everyone’s rights.

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3
Q

What does the council’s cabinet do?

A

Each member of the cabinet will have responsibility for one area of the council’s work.

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4
Q

What does the Prime Minister do?

A

Directs government policy
Manages the Cabinet
Organises the government
Controls Parliament
Provides national leadership

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5
Q

What are three parts of the Cabinet?

A

The Teasury
The Home Office
The Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Office

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6
Q

What does the Executive do?

A

Draws up and puts policy into action

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7
Q

What does the judiciary do?

A

Makes judgements about the law

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8
Q

What is a convention?

A

An agreement between governments

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9
Q

When was the Magna Carta created?

A

In 1215

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10
Q

What is a trade union?

A

An organisation that looks after the interests of a group of employees

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11
Q

What is a Citizens Advice Bureau?

A

An organisation that offers free advice on consumer and other legal matters

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12
Q

What is the Office of Fair Trading?

A

A government office that can take action against traders who break the law

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13
Q

What is a Trading Standards Department?

A

An official body that enforces consumer-based law.

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14
Q

What is devolution?

A

The transfer of power from central to regional government

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15
Q

What is a judicial review?

A

A further check.

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16
Q

What are the main differences between civil and criminal cases?

A

Most civil cases are heard in a county court, but some can be held in a High Court, but criminal cases are heard in magistrates’ courts and crown courts.

For criminal cases, there is a jury, but in civil cases, there is not.

17
Q

What is a claimant?

A

The person who is making the claim that someone else has broken the law.

18
Q

What is a small claims court?

A

A court that heads civil cases with a claim of less than £10,000

19
Q

What do judges do in trials where there is a jury?

A

The jury decides whether the defendant is guilty or not and the judge decides the sentence.

20
Q

What are senior judges and what powers do they have?

A

Judges who sit in higher courts

Senior judges are very powerful because if there is an argument about how a law made by parliament should be interpreted, it is the senior judges who decide.

21
Q

What is the difference between a barrister and a solicitor?

A

Solicitors give legal advice to their clients and can speak on behalf of them in court.

Barristers represent clients in court and they are the only lawyers qualified to speak in all types of court.

22
Q

What does the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) do?

A

Advises the police on cases for possible prosecution.

23
Q

What are mitigating factors?

A

Reasons why an offender might be given a lesser sentence.

24
Q

What sort of issues can be taken to a tribunal?

A

Certain things such as employment issues

25
Q

Who makes the judgements in a tribunal?

A

An ombudsman

26
Q

What is happening to the number of people under 18 who are appearing in court?

A

Steadily falling

27
Q

What are the 4 main differences between a youth court and an adult court?

A

In a youth court:

  • there is no jury
  • the public are not allowed in
  • a parent must be there
  • offenders are called by their first names
28
Q

Is crime in general rising or falling (according to The Office of National Statistics)?

A

Falling

29
Q

How can communities reduce the risk of crime?

A

Start things like a Neighborhood Watch scheme

30
Q

What is a special constable

A

A trained volunteer who works with the local police

31
Q

How many hours must special constables work a week

A

A minimum of 4 hours

32
Q

What are your 5 rights on arrest

A

To be told the reason for your arrest

To be given the opportunity to tell someone about your arrest

To be able to get free legal advice from a solicitor

To be offered medical help if you are feeling ill

To be able to see a written notice about your rights

33
Q

What is lobbying

A

Trying to persuade a politician or the government to change the law or take a particular action

Pre-Book Politics (8 decks)

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