The Circulatory System 2

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of the circulatory system

Answer 1

The blood
The heart
The blood vessels

Question 2

What does blood do

Answer 2

Transports oxygen to all structures of the body, carries carbon dioxide and waste products to be removed

Question 3

Blood consists of the following 4 components

Answer 3

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma ( the above are suspended in plasma)

Question 4

Red blood cells

Answer 4

Produced in the red bone marrow.
Contain haemoglobin which binds to oxygen and has a pigment which gives rbc its colour.
Blood volume consists of 40% rbc’s

Question 5

White blood cells

Answer 5

Transparent and do not contain haemoglobin
Produced in red bone marrow
Are the cells of the immune system, destroy harmful bacteria to fight infection

Question 6

Platelets

Answer 6

Platelets are cell fragments

Release chemicals to promote blood clotting

Question 7

Plasma

Answer 7

Straw coloured liquid portion of the blood

Consists of water, proteins, electrolytes,nutrients and waste products

Question 8

The upper chambers in the heart are called

Answer 8

Atria, which receives the blood via the veins from different parts of the body and pumps the blood down into the ventricles

Question 9

The bottom chambers in the heart are called

Answer 9

Ventricles, which push the blood to its various destinations hence they have larger muscular walls

Question 10

What are the names of the valves which separate the atria and ventricles

Answer 10

Atrioventricular valves

Question 11

Which valves prevent the flow of blood back into the left ventricles and right pulmonary valve during ventricular relaxation

Answer 11

The semi lunar valves

Question 12

Ventricular contraction is called

Answer 12

Systole

Question 13

Ventricular relaxation is called

Answer 13

Diastole

Question 14

Arteries always carry blood……

Answer 14

Away from the heart

Question 15

Veins always carry blood …….

Answer 15

To the heart

Question 16

What is the name of the hearts pacemaker

Answer 16

The sinoatrial (SA) node which initiates the cardiac muscle contraction. Located in the wall of the right atrium

Question 17

The myocardium ( heart muscle ) is stimulated to contract…..

Answer 17

72 beats per minute by the SA node

Question 18

What are the 3 types of blood vessels

Answer 18

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 19

Define arteries

Answer 19

Muscular tubes with thick walls

Can contract to squeeze blood away from the heart

Question 20

Define capillaries

Answer 20

Extremely thin walls, allow diffusion of nutrients and gases through their walls.

Question 21

Define veins

Answer 21

Thinner walled tubes compared to arteries with little muscular contractility
Carry blood from the tissues back towards the heart

Carry blood under low pressure therefore have valves

Question 22

What is venous return

Answer 22

The return of blood back to the heart via the veins

Question 23

Factors that assist venous return are

Answer 23

Gravity
Non return valves
smooth muscle contraction ( peristalsis)
Skeletal muscle contraction
Diaphragm- produces a suction effect on the veins
Right atrium helps to suck the blood back

Question 24

What is hypertension

Answer 24

Higher than normal pressure at rest

Question 25

What is systolic blood pressure

Answer 25

The pressure exerted on the artery walls when the cardiac muscle is contracting and pumping blood

Question 26

What is diastolic blood pressure

Answer 26

The pressure exerted on the artery walls when the heart is in a relaxed state

Question 27

Long term effects of exercise on blood pressure

Answer 27

Endurance training can decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure in mild to moderate hypertensives