The Circulatory System Flashcards
The circulatory system
Is a set of organs which form the internal transport system of the body
The circulatory systems main functions are
To transport food nutrients oxygen waste substances hormones and heat
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells for respiration
To transport waste products like urea and carbon dioxide to excretory organs to be excreted
To transport hormones to targeted organs
Fighting against diseases and preventing loss of blood through the blood clotting when wounded
The circulatory system consist of
Heart arteries veins capillaries
What is double circulatory and what does it mean
Blood passes through the heart twice to complete one circulation
Double circulation consists of
Pulmonary circulation and systematic circulation
What does the right side of the system deals with
Deals with deoxygenated blood
The left side of the system deals with
It deals with oxygenated blood
Pulmonary circulation
Is the system which pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs which contains the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins
The systematic circulation is
Is the system which pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body part and brings back deoxygenated blood to the heart consists of the arota and vena cava
Aorta
An artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
Pulmonary artery
An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary vein
A vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart
Vena cava
A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body into the heart
Left atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein
Left ventricle
It pumps oxygenated blood out of the heart to the rest of the body
Right ventricle
It pumps deoxygenated blood out of the heart to the lungs to get oxygen
Right atrium
Received deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body via vena cava
Coronary arteries
They provide the heart muscle with blood food and oxygen
Coronary veins
Delivers deoxygenated blood from the cardiac muscle to the right atrium
Valves
They prevent the Back backflow of blood so that the blood can only flow in One direction
Septum
Separate the two sides of the heart to prevent oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood from mixing
Types of blood vessels
Arteries veins capillaries
What results are heart attack and cardiac muscle not to respire
When the coronary arteries get blocked due to the buildup of fatty deposits cardiac muscles failed to receive nutrients and oxygen this results in a heart attack because the cardiac muscle will not respire
Causes of a heart attack
Eating a high cholesterol diet being overweight
stress
smoking
not exercising regularly
a genetic presdisposition
Ways to prevent a heart attack
Exercise regularly eat a healthy balanced diet lower cholesterol food do not stress about smoking and regularly drinking alcohol
avoid obesity
Identify and name the structures of the circulatory system the heart
The heart pumps
blood pumps oxygenated blood with nutrients to the rest of the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
they transport all oxygenated blood except the pulmonary artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be expelled
Structure of an artery
They have a thick muscle wall made out of elastic fibres so that they can withstand the high pressure exerted by the heart
they have elastic fibres for them to stretch to accommodate pulsating flow
have small lumen
no valves
Veins
Carry blood to the heart
they all transport deoxygenated blood except the pulmonary vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Structure of a vein
They have a large lumen
they don’t need to Western pressure because the blood that flows in them is at a low pressure
they have elastic fibres
have valves to prevent the backflow of blood because the blood travels at a low pressure
Capillaries
Network of tiny blood vessels in the tissue
connects the arteries and the veins this is where exchange of substances nutrients and gases between the tissue cells and blood takes place
Structure of a capillary
Very thick and one cell thick
Blood components
Red blood cells white blood cells platelets
Plasma
Plasma is the liquid part of the blood and it’s made out of 90% of water
Functions of plasma
Transport all blood cells
transport nutrients to cells
transport waste products to the kidneys
What is the function of red blood cells
To transport oxygen to body cells were needed for cell respiration
What are the adaptation features of a red blood cell
Has a biconcave shape to increase the surface area for absorption of oxygen and
has no nucleus to providing more space for hemoglobin
it has hemoglobin that combines with oxygen to form oxide hemoglobin to carry oxyhemoglobin to body cells
There are two types of white blood cells
Phagocytes lymphocytes
Functions of white blood cells phagocytes
Engulf and digest bacteria the process is called phagocytosis
Lymphocytes
Produce antibodies against infections
Platelets
Tiny cells that float in blood plasma
Platelets
Tiny cells that float in blood plasma
Functions of blood platelets
It helps with blood clotting stopping the blood from flowing out of damaged tissues and helps wound to heal
Effect of exercise on heart beat
The rate of the heart changes according to the needs of the body
Pulse rate
Pulse rate is the number of heart beat in a minute
During exercise
The muscles need extra oxygen the brain sends a message to the right atrium called the pacemaker pacemaker makes the heart beat faster when the heart beats faster it increases the pulse rate during exercise the breathing rate increases also
How does a heart attack occur
Heart attack occurs when the layer of cholesterol buildup in the wall of the coronary artery this causes the contrary artery to narrow and slow down the blood flow of oxygen and glucose to the heart muscle that deprives the heart muscles from nutrients and oxygen which leads to heart failure and heart attack
