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Life Science > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

The circulatory system

A

Is a set of organs which form the internal transport system of the body

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2
Q

The circulatory systems main functions are

A

To transport food nutrients oxygen waste substances hormones and heat
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells for respiration
To transport waste products like urea and carbon dioxide to excretory organs to be excreted
To transport hormones to targeted organs
Fighting against diseases and preventing loss of blood through the blood clotting when wounded

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3
Q

The circulatory system consist of

A

Heart arteries veins capillaries

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4
Q

What is double circulatory and what does it mean

A

Blood passes through the heart twice to complete one circulation

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5
Q

Double circulation consists of

A

Pulmonary circulation and systematic circulation

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6
Q

What does the right side of the system deals with

A

Deals with deoxygenated blood

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7
Q

The left side of the system deals with

A

It deals with oxygenated blood

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8
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Is the system which pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs which contains the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins

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9
Q

The systematic circulation is

A

Is the system which pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body part and brings back deoxygenated blood to the heart consists of the arota and vena cava

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10
Q

Aorta

A

An artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body

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11
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

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12
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

A vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart

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13
Q

Vena cava

A

A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body into the heart

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14
Q

Left atrium

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein

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15
Q

Left ventricle

A

It pumps oxygenated blood out of the heart to the rest of the body

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16
Q

Right ventricle

A

It pumps deoxygenated blood out of the heart to the lungs to get oxygen

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17
Q

Right atrium

A

Received deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body via vena cava

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18
Q

Coronary arteries

A

They provide the heart muscle with blood food and oxygen

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19
Q

Coronary veins

A

Delivers deoxygenated blood from the cardiac muscle to the right atrium

20
Q

Valves

A

They prevent the Back backflow of blood so that the blood can only flow in One direction

21
Q

Septum

A

Separate the two sides of the heart to prevent oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood from mixing

22
Q

Types of blood vessels

A

Arteries veins capillaries

23
Q

What results are heart attack and cardiac muscle not to respire

A

When the coronary arteries get blocked due to the buildup of fatty deposits cardiac muscles failed to receive nutrients and oxygen this results in a heart attack because the cardiac muscle will not respire

24
Q

Causes of a heart attack

A

Eating a high cholesterol diet being overweight
stress
smoking
not exercising regularly
a genetic presdisposition

25
Q

Ways to prevent a heart attack

A

Exercise regularly eat a healthy balanced diet lower cholesterol food do not stress about smoking and regularly drinking alcohol
avoid obesity

26
Q

Identify and name the structures of the circulatory system the heart

A

The heart pumps
blood pumps oxygenated blood with nutrients to the rest of the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs

27
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart
they transport all oxygenated blood except the pulmonary artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be expelled

28
Q

Structure of an artery

A

They have a thick muscle wall made out of elastic fibres so that they can withstand the high pressure exerted by the heart
they have elastic fibres for them to stretch to accommodate pulsating flow
have small lumen
no valves

29
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood to the heart
they all transport deoxygenated blood except the pulmonary vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

30
Q

Structure of a vein

A

They have a large lumen
they don’t need to Western pressure because the blood that flows in them is at a low pressure
they have elastic fibres
have valves to prevent the backflow of blood because the blood travels at a low pressure

31
Q

Capillaries

A

Network of tiny blood vessels in the tissue
connects the arteries and the veins this is where exchange of substances nutrients and gases between the tissue cells and blood takes place

32
Q

Structure of a capillary

A

Very thick and one cell thick

33
Q

Blood components

A

Red blood cells white blood cells platelets

34
Q

Plasma

A

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood and it’s made out of 90% of water

35
Q

Functions of plasma

A

Transport all blood cells
transport nutrients to cells
transport waste products to the kidneys

36
Q

What is the function of red blood cells

A

To transport oxygen to body cells were needed for cell respiration

37
Q

What are the adaptation features of a red blood cell

A

Has a biconcave shape to increase the surface area for absorption of oxygen and
has no nucleus to providing more space for hemoglobin
it has hemoglobin that combines with oxygen to form oxide hemoglobin to carry oxyhemoglobin to body cells

38
Q

There are two types of white blood cells

A

Phagocytes lymphocytes

39
Q

Functions of white blood cells phagocytes

A

Engulf and digest bacteria the process is called phagocytosis

40
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Produce antibodies against infections

41
Q

Platelets

A

Tiny cells that float in blood plasma

42
Q

Platelets

A

Tiny cells that float in blood plasma

43
Q

Functions of blood platelets

A

It helps with blood clotting stopping the blood from flowing out of damaged tissues and helps wound to heal

44
Q

Effect of exercise on heart beat

A

The rate of the heart changes according to the needs of the body

45
Q

Pulse rate

A

Pulse rate is the number of heart beat in a minute

46
Q

During exercise

A

The muscles need extra oxygen the brain sends a message to the right atrium called the pacemaker pacemaker makes the heart beat faster when the heart beats faster it increases the pulse rate during exercise the breathing rate increases also

47
Q

How does a heart attack occur

A

Heart attack occurs when the layer of cholesterol buildup in the wall of the coronary artery this causes the contrary artery to narrow and slow down the blood flow of oxygen and glucose to the heart muscle that deprives the heart muscles from nutrients and oxygen which leads to heart failure and heart attack

Life Science (6 decks)

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