The Circulatory System Flashcards
What are the three main components of the circulatory system
The heart
Blood vessels
Blood
The ___________ circulation carries blood to and from the lungs
Pulmonary
The ___________Circulation carries blood to and from the rest of the body’s organs
Systemic
The ___________ artery is the only artery to carry ___________Blood
Pulmonary
Deoxygenated
The pulmonary vein is the only vein to carry ___________ blood
Oxygenated
Arteries
Away from Heart
Veins
Into heart
Capillaries
Connect arteries and veins
What does the Heart do
It receives blood from veins, pumps blood under high pressure into the arteries
What keeps the blood flowing in One Direction through the heart
The bicuspid and tricuspid valves that lie between the atria and ventricles prevent backflow (atrio-ventricular valves)
Explain why the walls of the ventricles thicker than the atria
Atria only have to pump blood down into ventricles a very short distance so little pressure is required.
The ventricles have to pump the blood a greater distance to the organs so a higher pressure is required. The thicker muscle generates greater force
Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall on the right ventricle
Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs-these are close to the heart so less pressure is required; in contrast the left ventricle must generate enough pressure to pump blood to the rest of the bodies organs and much greater force is required for this
What happens to your heart when you get excited or exercise
During exercise, the heart rate increases because the body needs more energy from respiration-This process requires oxygen and glucose both of which are carried in the blood. When excited adrenaline can be released to prepare the body for more activity part of this will be increasing heart rate to increase oxygen and glucose supply to the muscles
How can you prevent heart disease
- Having a good weight helps maintain a healthy heart as the fat does not gather around it.
- Having a good diet without fatty foods helps maintain a healthy heart as the fat can gather in your arteries.
- Stress is bad for your heart as it can make your heart beat really fast.
- Smoking is really bad for your heart as it releases lots of bad chemicals.
- Exercise helps to maintain a healthy heart as it lowers your chance of a heart attack and it can lower your weight.
How can exercise reduce stress
There is an increased sense of well-being people may even feel ‘high’ as exercise stimulates the release of brain chemicals similar to morphine
If a man has been resting starts doing some strenuous exercises, what is the effect on the rate at which his heart beats
It can make his heart rate go up nearly 200 bpm
Does a fit or unfit person have a higher heartbeat rate on average
Unfit
What effect does exercise sometimes have a blood pressure and why is it important
It prevents high blood pressure and it means There is less risk for a heart attack
What effect does exercise have on the coronary arteries and why is it important
They become wider and the buildup of fatty deposits is less likely. This reduces the risk of heart disease
What things can lead to heart disease
High blood pressure Smoking No exercise Obesity Stress
What can help avoid heart disease
Do a lot of exercise
Don’t eat lots of fatty foods
Quit smoking
Try not to be as stressed
Red blood cell
Carries oxygen
White blood cell
Fights antigens/disease
Platelets
Form clots or scabs
What is the liquid part of our blood
Plasma
Antibodies
Can be produced by a certain type of blood cell
The heart
The bodies blood pump
Why does the left side of the heart have a thicker muscle than the right
Because it has to pump the blood further which requires more energy and therefore more muscle
Blood is pumped by the ___________ The heart contains four chambers the upper chambers are called the ___________ and the lower chambers are called the ___________. Blood pumped out of the right side of the heart to the lungs where it picks up ___________ this is pumped back to the left side of the heart this is the ___________circulation. The left side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body this is the ___________ circulation.
Heart Atria Ventricles Oxygen Pulmonary Systemic
Explain the features of a vein
It has walls to prevent backflow of blood and it only has a thin muscle layer as the pressure isn’t as high.
Explain the features of a capillary
it’s only one cell thick to allow diffusion of nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide
What causes pulse
Blood leaving the left ventricle is under very high pressure. as the blood flows through the arteries the high pressure causes the elastic walls of the arteries to stretch and recoil this is what we feel as a pulse
