The Circulatory Problems

Question 1

Atherosclerosis / aterosclerosis

Answer 1

hardening and narrowing of the arteries [high BP, smoking, high cholesterol damage the endothelium (which works to keep the inside of the arteries toned and smooth, which keeps blood flow flowing)]

Question 2

Angina / angina

Answer 2

chest pain or discomfort that occurs when an area of your heart muscle doesn’t get anough oxygen-rich blood.

Question 3

Angiogram / angiograma

Answer 3

X-Ray test that uses flouroscopy to take pictures of the blood flow within an artery (like aorta) or a vein (like vena cava).

Question 4

Heart Attack / ataque del corazón

Answer 4

myocardial infarction (MI), is permanent damage to the heart muscle. “Myo” means muscle, “cardial” refers to the heart, and “infarction” means death of tissue due to lack of blood supply.

Question 5

Myocardial Infarction / Infarto de miocardio

Answer 5

medical term for an event commonly known as a heart attack.

Question 6

Angioplasty / Angioplastia

Answer 6

a procedure used to open narrow or blocked coronary (heart) arteries. The procedure restores blood flow to the heart muscle.

Question 7

Heart Muscle Disease / Enfermedad del músculo cardíaco

Answer 7

(Cardiomyopathy/cardiomiopatía) a type of progressive heart disease in which the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or rigid. As a result, the heart muscle’s ability to pump blood is weakened, often causing heart failure and the backup of blood into the lungs or rest of the body. The disease can also cause abnormal heart rhythms.

Question 8

Picarditis / Picarditis

Answer 8

swelling and irritation of the pericardium, the thin sac-like membrane that surrounds your heart. Pericarditis often causes chest pain and sometimes other symptoms. Pericarditis is usually sudden and short-lived (acute).

Question 9

Heart Failure / Insuficiencia Cardíaca

Answer 9

occurs when your heart muscle doesn’t pump blood as well as it should. Conditions such as narrowed arteries in your heart (coronary artery disease) or high blood pressure gradually leave your heart too weak or stiff to fill and pump efficiently.

Question 10

Congenital Heart Defects / Defectos Congénitos del Corazón

Answer 10

is a problem with the structure of the heart. It is present at birth. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect. The defects can involve the walls of the heart, the valves of the heart, and the arteries and veins near the heart. They can disrupt the normal flow of blood through the heart. The blood flow can slow down, go in the wrong direction or to the wrong place, or be blocked completely.

Question 11

Plaque / Placa

Answer 11

bacteria that cause periodontal disease can release toxins into or travel through the bloodstream and help to form fatty plaques in the arteries. These plaque deposits can lead to serious problems, such as blood clots, which can block blood flow

Question 12

Heart Murmur / Soplo en el corazón

Answer 12

an extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat. Murmurs range from very faint to very loud. Sometimes they sound like a whooshing or swishing noise.

Question 13

Embolism / Embolia

Answer 13

refers to the lodging of an embolus, which may be a blood clot, a fat globule or a gas bubble in the bloodstream, which can cause a blockage.

Question 14

Stroke / ataque fulminante

Answer 14

a condition in which the brain cells suddenly die because of a lack of oxygen. This can be caused by an obstruction in the blood flow, or the rupture of an artery that feeds the brain. The patient may suddenly lose the ability to speak, there may be memory problems, or one side of the body can become paralyzed

Question 15

Aneurysm / Aneurisma

Answer 15

a localized, blood-filled balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel

Question 16

Arrhythmia / Arritmia

Answer 16

is a problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. During an arrhythmia, the heart can beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm. A heartbeat that is too fast is called tachycardia (TAK-ih-KAR-de-ah). A heartbeat that is too slow is called bradycardia (bray-de-KAR-de-ah).

Question 17

Blood Clots / Los coágulos de sangre

Answer 17

are healthy and lifesaving when they stop bleeding. However, blood clots can also form abnormally, causing a heart attack, stroke, or other serious medical problems.

Question 18

Hemorrhage / Hemorragia

Answer 18

a condition in which a person bleeds too much and cannot stop the flow of blood

Question 19

Bruise (Hematoma) / Hematoma

Answer 19

a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually in liquid form within the tissue. An ecchymosis, commonly called a bruise, is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10mm.

Question 20

High Blood Pressure / Presión arterial alta

Answer 20

a serious condition that can lead to coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and other health problems. “Blood pressure” is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. If this pressure rises and stays high over time, it can damage the body in many ways.

Question 21

Low Blood Pressure / Presión arterial baja

Answer 21

also called hypotension, would seem to be something to strive for. However, for many people, low blood pressure can cause symptoms of dizziness and fainting. In severe cases, low blood pressure can be life-threatening.

Question 22

Fatty Acid Deposits / Depósitos de ácido graso

Answer 22

in your arteries can contribute to blood flow disturbances in your body.

Question 23

Cholesterol / Colesterol

Answer 23

Is an organic molecule and an essential fat that provides support in the membranes of our bodies’ cells. It is a sterol (or modified steroid), and an essential structural component of animal cell membranes that is required to establish proper membrane permeability and fluidity. Cholesterol is thus considered within the class of lipid molecules.

Question 24

LDL (low-density lipoprotein) / lipoproteína de baja densidad

Answer 24

“bad cholesterol.” it collects in the walls of blood vessels, causing the blockages of atherosclerosis. Higher LDL levels put you at greater risk for a heart attack from a sudden blood clot in an artery narrowed by atherosclerosis.

Question 25

HDL (high-density lipoprotein)

Answer 25

“good cholesterol.” This friendly scavenger cruises the bloodstream. As it does, it removes harmful bad cholesterol from where it doesn’t belong. High HDL levels reduce the risk for heart disease – but low levels increase the risk.

Question 26

Embolism / Embolia

Answer 26

is blockage in one or more arteries in your lungs. In most cases, pulmonary embolism is caused by blood clots that travel to your lungs from another part of your body — most commonly, your legs. Pulmonary embolism is a complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is clotting in the veins farthest from the surface of the body.

Question 27

Pacemaker / Estimulador cardiaco

Answer 27

is a small device that’s placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate.

Question 28

Cardiac Catheterization / cateterizacion cardiaca

Answer 28

a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat some heart conditions. A long, thin, flexible tube called a catheter is put into a blood vessel in your arm, groin (upper thigh), or neck and threaded to your heart. Through the catheter, your doctor can do diagnostic tests and treatments on your heart.

Question 29

Holter Monitor

Answer 29

a portable device for continuously monitoring various electrical activity of the cardiovascular system for at least 24 hours (often for two weeks at a time)

Question 30

EKG / examen que registra la actividad electrica del corazon

Answer 30

a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of your heart. An EKG translates the heart’s electrical activity into line tracings on paper. The spikes and dips in the line tracings are called waves.

Question 31

Echocardiogram / ecocardiograma

Answer 31

a test that uses sound waves to create a moving picture of the heart. The picture is much more detailed than a plain x-ray image and involves no radiation exposure

Question 32

Stress Test / Prueba de tensión

Answer 32

can be used to test for heart disease. Stress tests are tests performed by a doctor and/or trained technician to determine the amount of stress that your heart can manage before developing either an abnormal rhythm or evidence of ischemia (not enough blood flow to the heart muscle). The most commonly performed stress test is the exercise stress test

Question 33

Stress Test with Nuclear Isotopes / Prueba de tensión con isótopos nucleares

Answer 33

to assess the blood flow to the heart muscle. Images of the heart are taken both at rest and after exercise. If a patient is unable to exercise on a treadmill, they are given a medication, by injection, intended to have a similar effect on the heart to that of exercise. This test enables doctors to identify areas of the heart that have reduced blood flow caused by coronary artery disease, as well as areas that have been damaged from a previous heart attack.

Question 34

Scab / costra, postilla

Answer 34

A crust discharged from and covering a healing wound

Question 35

Cauterize / cauterizar

Answer 35

to burn (something, such as a wound) with heat or a chemical substance in order to destroy infected tissue

Question 36

Stitches / suturas

Answer 36

a method of medical care to close wounds

Question 37

Stent / cánula

Answer 37

a mesh ‘tube’ inserted into a natural passage/conduit in the body to prevent or counteract a disease-induced, localized flow constriction. The term may also refer to a tube used to temporarily hold such a natural conduit open to allow access for surgery.

Question 38

Aortic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair / reparación endovascular del aneurisma de aorta

Answer 38

surgery to repair a widened area in your aorta, called an aneurysm. The aorta is the large artery that carries blood to your belly, pelvis, and legs.

An aortic aneurysm is when a part of this artery becomes too large or balloons outward due to weakness in the wall of the artery.

Question 39

Peripheral Intervention / intervención periférica

Answer 39

Technologies that treat vascular system blockages in areas such as the carotid and renal arteries, and the lower extremities

Question 40

Defibrillators / desfibrilador

Answer 40

a common treatment for life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Question 41

Electrophysiologic Study and Radiofrequency Ablation / estudio y la ablación por radiofrecuencia electrofisiológico

Answer 41

a test that measures how electrical signals move through your heart