The Circulatory Problems Flashcards
(41 cards)
Atherosclerosis / aterosclerosis
hardening and narrowing of the arteries [high BP, smoking, high cholesterol damage the endothelium (which works to keep the inside of the arteries toned and smooth, which keeps blood flow flowing)]
Angina / angina
chest pain or discomfort that occurs when an area of your heart muscle doesn’t get anough oxygen-rich blood.
Angiogram / angiograma
X-Ray test that uses flouroscopy to take pictures of the blood flow within an artery (like aorta) or a vein (like vena cava).
Heart Attack / ataque del corazón
myocardial infarction (MI), is permanent damage to the heart muscle. “Myo” means muscle, “cardial” refers to the heart, and “infarction” means death of tissue due to lack of blood supply.
Myocardial Infarction / Infarto de miocardio
medical term for an event commonly known as a heart attack.
Angioplasty / Angioplastia
a procedure used to open narrow or blocked coronary (heart) arteries. The procedure restores blood flow to the heart muscle.
Heart Muscle Disease / Enfermedad del músculo cardíaco
(Cardiomyopathy/cardiomiopatía) a type of progressive heart disease in which the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or rigid. As a result, the heart muscle’s ability to pump blood is weakened, often causing heart failure and the backup of blood into the lungs or rest of the body. The disease can also cause abnormal heart rhythms.
Picarditis / Picarditis
swelling and irritation of the pericardium, the thin sac-like membrane that surrounds your heart. Pericarditis often causes chest pain and sometimes other symptoms. Pericarditis is usually sudden and short-lived (acute).
Heart Failure / Insuficiencia Cardíaca
occurs when your heart muscle doesn’t pump blood as well as it should. Conditions such as narrowed arteries in your heart (coronary artery disease) or high blood pressure gradually leave your heart too weak or stiff to fill and pump efficiently.
Congenital Heart Defects / Defectos Congénitos del Corazón
is a problem with the structure of the heart. It is present at birth. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect. The defects can involve the walls of the heart, the valves of the heart, and the arteries and veins near the heart. They can disrupt the normal flow of blood through the heart. The blood flow can slow down, go in the wrong direction or to the wrong place, or be blocked completely.
Plaque / Placa
bacteria that cause periodontal disease can release toxins into or travel through the bloodstream and help to form fatty plaques in the arteries. These plaque deposits can lead to serious problems, such as blood clots, which can block blood flow
Heart Murmur / Soplo en el corazón
an extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat. Murmurs range from very faint to very loud. Sometimes they sound like a whooshing or swishing noise.
Embolism / Embolia
refers to the lodging of an embolus, which may be a blood clot, a fat globule or a gas bubble in the bloodstream, which can cause a blockage.
Stroke / ataque fulminante
a condition in which the brain cells suddenly die because of a lack of oxygen. This can be caused by an obstruction in the blood flow, or the rupture of an artery that feeds the brain. The patient may suddenly lose the ability to speak, there may be memory problems, or one side of the body can become paralyzed
Aneurysm / Aneurisma
a localized, blood-filled balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel
Arrhythmia / Arritmia
is a problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. During an arrhythmia, the heart can beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm. A heartbeat that is too fast is called tachycardia (TAK-ih-KAR-de-ah). A heartbeat that is too slow is called bradycardia (bray-de-KAR-de-ah).
Blood Clots / Los coágulos de sangre
are healthy and lifesaving when they stop bleeding. However, blood clots can also form abnormally, causing a heart attack, stroke, or other serious medical problems.
Hemorrhage / Hemorragia
a condition in which a person bleeds too much and cannot stop the flow of blood
Bruise (Hematoma) / Hematoma
a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually in liquid form within the tissue. An ecchymosis, commonly called a bruise, is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10mm.
High Blood Pressure / Presión arterial alta
a serious condition that can lead to coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and other health problems. “Blood pressure” is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. If this pressure rises and stays high over time, it can damage the body in many ways.
Low Blood Pressure / Presión arterial baja
also called hypotension, would seem to be something to strive for. However, for many people, low blood pressure can cause symptoms of dizziness and fainting. In severe cases, low blood pressure can be life-threatening.
Fatty Acid Deposits / Depósitos de ácido graso
in your arteries can contribute to blood flow disturbances in your body.
Cholesterol / Colesterol
Is an organic molecule and an essential fat that provides support in the membranes of our bodies’ cells. It is a sterol (or modified steroid), and an essential structural component of animal cell membranes that is required to establish proper membrane permeability and fluidity. Cholesterol is thus considered within the class of lipid molecules.
LDL (low-density lipoprotein) / lipoproteína de baja densidad
“bad cholesterol.” it collects in the walls of blood vessels, causing the blockages of atherosclerosis. Higher LDL levels put you at greater risk for a heart attack from a sudden blood clot in an artery narrowed by atherosclerosis.
