The circular economy Flashcards
What is the circular economy?
A response to challenges posed by a growing population and consumer pressure on natural resources.
What geographical concepts does circular-economy thinking rely on?
- Systems
- Sustainability
- Interdependence
What does the ‘limits to growth’ model predict?
Population, industrial output, and pollution will ramp upwards as natural resources dwindle, leading to a population ‘crash’.
What is the current recycling rate of plastic?
Only 5% of all plastic is recycled currently.
What traditional solutions have been proposed to limit growth?
- Contraception (fewer people)
- Austerity (buying fewer goods)
What is a key goal of the circular economy?
To nurture both ecological and economic health for truly sustainable development.
Who designed the ‘cradle to cradle’ framework?
Architect William McDonough and chemist Michael Braungart.
What is the aim of the ‘cradle to cradle’ framework?
To progress beyond linear, wasteful economic systems and ‘design out’ waste.
What are the main elements of contrasting linear and circular systems?
- Linear economy: single direction flow, waste created at each step
- Circular economy: outputs reprocessed, waste viewed as a resource
What is meant by ‘closing the loop’ in a circular economy?
Designing products for dismantling and reusing parts later.
What is a potential benefit of renting or sharing goods?
Manufacturer retains ownership and responsibility for waste.
What is one of the global governance targets related to food waste?
To halve food waste worldwide by 2030.
What legislation did the EU implement related to electronic waste?
The 2003 Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE Directive).
What is an example of a national target for food waste reduction?
The US Department of Agriculture and Environmental Protection Agency’s national food waste reduction goal.
What are some local initiatives to reduce food waste?
- France and Italy’s laws requiring supermarkets to donate unsold food
- Suzhou New District’s interlinked manufacturing firms
What challenges exist in implementing a circular economy for food?
Complex intersections of sustainability goals with health and safety requirements.
Why might circular economy thinking be viewed as ‘too little, too late’?
Due to vast quantities of resources and waste from production, especially in China.
What is one optimistic development regarding China’s approach to circular economy?
China promotes renewable energy and sets targets for reusing waste.
What are some technological advancements that may support the circular economy?
- Use of graphene in manufacturing
- Development of edible plastics
- Technology of driverless cars
What demographic is noted for participating in a ‘sharing economy’?
Millennials.
What are the building blocks for a circular economy?
- Technological advancements
- Economic strategies
- Political willingness
Fill in the blank: The circular economy aims to promote _______.
[truly sustainable development]
