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History - paper 2, NORMANS > The Church And Monasticium Booklet 3 > Flashcards

The Church And Monasticium Booklet 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Changes made to the church by normans

A
  • Moved cathedrals to where they are larger populations.
  • more monasteries built - more monks.
  • more priests - more STONE churches - built in a ROMANESQUE style
  • a new position of ARCHDEACON was created, in charge of all churches in the shire.
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2
Q

PLURALISUM

A

A member of the clergy doing more than one job. This is a problem as they cant do it properly.

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3
Q

SIMONY

A

Position in the church sold to the highest bidder. This is a problem because, the best candidate didn’t get the job. However, the king does get richer.

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4
Q

NEPOTISUM

A

Positions in the church given to friends or family rather than someone more suited. This is a problem because, the most suitable candidate doesn’t get the job.

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5
Q

Many of the clergy were charged with marriage.

A

Went against the traditional vow of celibacy supported by the pope.

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6
Q

Poor leaders who are in bad financial situations.

A

They are more worried about there money than the reformation of the church and not keeping up with new Christian ideas. This made the pope extremely unhappy.

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7
Q

Archbishop Lanfranc reforms (1072)

A
  • churches moved to city’s, this centralised the church.
  • new church hierarchy, each person answered to the person above them.
  • Bishops gained in control, they held synods twice a year.
  • more parish churches - more priests.
  • more church courts where clergy’s went.
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8
Q

William the conquerors relationship with the pope Alexander II

A
  • got on very well, both wanted the church to reform.
  • he approved of the English invasion.(They had the papel banner)
  • gave William the chance to remove English bishops. Giving William more power.
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9
Q

William the conquerors relationship with the pope Gregory VII

A
  • he wanted church control over the kings.
  • William was not happy and refused to swear an oath of reality to him.
  • the pope took away Williams power.
  • he taxed the English a penny per person, ‘peters pence’
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10
Q

How William II became king(William rufus.)1087

A
  • He was William I’s second son, his first son Robert and arguments with him so he chose him to be king. This upset many Normans so there was a rebelion lead by Bishop odo. This went on to be defeated.
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11
Q

William II’s strengths.

A
  • effective ruler.
  • victory over Scotland,(malcome payed homage to him.)
  • had Edgar Aethling as a member of his court.
  • took land off the Scottish.
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12
Q

William II character and religion.

A
  • probs gay, not religious, looks at religion for making money.
  • he raised money form the church.
  • When Lanfranc died he didn’t replace the position.
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13
Q

William II vs William of Calais.

A
  • St Calais promised William troops but they didn’t come so they tired him in court for treason.
    RESOLUTION: St Calais was found guilty in 1088, and was exiled he then returned and became the bishopric of Durham. This shows that William II wants the clergy of his side and he wouldn’t put up with someone calling his rule.
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14
Q

William II vs Bishop Anselm.(new arch bish of cant)1093

A
  • William took land from the church in 1089, refused to give it back
  • William was homo.
  • William stopped him going to Rome.
  • Anselm didn’t want to pay the king extra taxes.
  • Anselm didn’t want to provide him knights however they are vital to the feudal system.
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15
Q

Council of rockingham.

A
  • a meeting called to try and overcome the disagreements between William II and Anselm.
  • Rufus denied Anselms attempts of a church reform and Anselm denied him his tax for his knights. In 1097 Anselm was exiled and went to Rome.
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16
Q

William II reintroduced simony.

A
  • he sold a very wealthy position in the church for a price of £1000 to Rannulf of Flambard who is good at making money from the church.
17
Q

Relationship of William II and Pope Gregory.

A
  • pope Gregory thought he had more authority than kings.
  • he wanted English bishops to report to Rome regularly.
  • he wanted his own appointments to the English church.
  • William didn’t like any of these!
  • eventually pope Gregory was forced out of office due to him being so unpopular.
18
Q

King Henry I

A
  • William the conquerors second son. William II died in hunting accident
  • he claimed the throne quickly and efficiently without his bro.(Robert)
  • He invaded Normans and was victorious. Imprizoned his brother.
  • In England he made it more anglo-Saxons style with the justice system but strengthen it with additional institution, E.g: Royal Exchequer.
19
Q

Henry I and the investiture controversy.

A
  • made the bishops depend on the king not the pope.
  • The church opposed this idea by not allowing them to pay homage to a non religious leader.
  • Archbishop Anselm refused to and got exiled.
  • Henry was threaten with excommunication if he didn’t invest Anselm but a agreement was made where bishops were invested but they had to pay homage to the king first.
20
Q

Henry’s relationship with pope Gregory VII:

A
  • Henry disagreed with rufus’s policies and filled church vacancies
  • Henry eventually supported Anselm’s reforms including NO simony or banning marriage.
  • so Pope Gregory VII was a great supporter of Henry.
21
Q

Problems with anglo-Saxons monasticism.

A
  • instability due to Viking raids.
  • poverty ridden due to lords tax.
  • many non-disciplined monks. E.G: eating meat, not fasting.
22
Q

Changes to monasteries in norman England.

A
  • increase in monks and nuns.
  • more religious houses.
  • more monasteries.
  • more strict daily routines and clergy rules.
  • clearer hierarchy within the church.
23
Q

Benedict monks vows:

A
  1. )Poverty - give up all wealth.
  2. )chastity - no pleasures like sex, alcohol and sweet food.
  3. )obedience- following gods word with the bible.
  4. )stability- to never leave the monastic community.
24
Q

Cluniac monasteries

A
  • rules of Benedict order.
  • given freedom of feudal duties.
  • became very rich but criticised.
  • lead by the abbot of cluny who answers from the pope himself.
25
Q

The main roles of monks:

A

They mainly worked on there fields and went to mass. This strict routine of prayer impressed the pope.

26
Q

Hierarchy of a monastery:

A 
Novices- default monks. 
Monks n nuns 
Obitentiaries -  senior monks. 
Priors - a dec head of a Abby 
Abbot - in charge of a Abby. 
Pope - head of the church.
27
Q

Education in norman society:

A
  • mainly rich educated.
  • mainly male.
  • monks and nuns did the teaching.
  • mainly taught in Latin but could be french or anglo-English.
  • subjects were, Latin, music, astronomy, law, maths.

History - paper 2, NORMANS (3 decks)

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