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The Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of life

A

Organisms

  1. Consist of cells
  2. Grow and develop
  3. Regulate own metabolic processes
  4. React to stimuli
  5. Reproduce
  6. Adapt to environment
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2
Q

Organic compounds…

A
  1. Origin in living organisms
  2. Large number of Carbon atoms (H,O,P,N)
  3. Large and complex molecules
  4. Combustible in Oxygen
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3
Q

Inorganic compounds…

A
  1. No living origin
  2. No carbon
  3. Elements and simple molecules
  4. Do not burn in Oxygen
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4
Q

Pentose sugars

A

Ribose and deoxyribose, part of our DNA and RNA

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5
Q

Hexose sugars

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Generally occur in ring structures

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6
Q

Glucose

A

The source of energy for most living organisms. Can be used to form other organic compounds such as amino acids and fatty acids. Concentration in blood is under homeostatic control. Insulin

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7
Q

Fructose

A

Found in fruit and honey, sweeter than than glucose

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8
Q

Galactose

A

Part of the diasccharide lactose or milk sugar

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9
Q

Maltose

A

Malt sugar

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10
Q

Sucrose

A

Cane sugar

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11
Q

Lactose

A

Milk suger

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12
Q

Starch

A

Stored in plants

Amylase, amylopectin

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13
Q

Glycogen

A

Animal starch

Stored in muscle and liver cells

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14
Q

Cellulose

A

Plants
Part of cell walls
Insoluble
Important in our diets as roughage to stimulate peristalsis.

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15
Q

Chitin

A

Substance found in the exoskeleton of insects as well as the cell walls of fungi.

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16
Q

Glycerol

A

A type of alcohol with three hydroxyl groups

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17
Q

Fatty acids

A

Have long hydrocarbon chains

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18
Q

Thrombosis

A

Clogging of the blood in a part of the circulatory system

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19
Q

Phospholipids

A

Fats bonded with phosphate

Form part of cell membrane

20
Q

Cholesterol

A

Essential for the forming of cell membranes, too much can lead to plaques in the blood vessels

21
Q

Steroids

A

Formed from fats
Biologically important steroids, cholesterol, bile salts, reproductive hormone and cortisol secreted by the adernal glands

22
Q

Nucleic acid

A

Transfer genetic info and determine the types of proteins produced by a cell
DNA
RNA

23
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

24
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid

25
Q

Pentose sugars

A

Ribose and deoxyribose, part of our DNA and RNA

26
Q

Hexose sugars

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Generally occur in ring structures

27
Q

Glucose

A

The source of energy for most living organisms. Can be used to form other organic compounds such as amino acids and fatty acids. Concentration in blood is under homeostatic control. Insulin

28
Q

Fructose

A

Found in fruit and honey, sweeter than than glucose

29
Q

Galactose

A

Part of the diasccharide lactose or milk sugar

30
Q

Maltose

A

Malt sugar

31
Q

Sucrose

A

Cane sugar

32
Q

Lactose

A

Milk suger

33
Q

Starch

A

Stored in plants

Amylase, amylopectin

34
Q

Glycogen

A

Animal starch

Stored in muscle and liver cells

35
Q

Cellulose

A

Plants
Part of cell walls
Insoluble
Important in our diets as roughage to stimulate peristalsis.

36
Q

Chitin

A

Substance found in the exoskeleton of insects as well as the cell walls of fungi.

37
Q

Glycerol

A

A type of alcohol with three hydroxyl groups

38
Q

Fatty acids

A

Have long hydrocarbon chains

39
Q

Thrombosis

A

Clogging of the blood in a part of the circulatory system

40
Q

Phospholipids

A

Fats bonded with phosphate

Form part of cell membrane

41
Q

Cholesterol

A

Essential for the forming of cell membranes, too much can lead to plaques in the blood vessels

42
Q

Steroids

A

Formed from fats
Biologically important steroids, cholesterol, bile salts, reproductive hormone and cortisol secreted by the adernal glands

43
Q

Nucleic acid

A

Transfer genetic info and determine the types of proteins produced by a cell
DNA
RNA

44
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

45
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid

Life Science (4 decks)

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