The Chemisry Of Alcohol Flashcards
The linkage between the two atoms in the oxygen molecule is called?
It’s called a bond
A molecule with two atoms is called?
Diatomic molecule and cannot be anything but linear (straight line)
What is the general name for the type of bond formed when electron pairs are shared between two atoms in a molecule?
Covalent bonding
Would you describe a water molecule as flat?
Yes a three atom molecule can be ether linear or bent, but always flat. All atoms lie in the same place. There are no other possibilities!
Is ethanol planar (flat) in shape?
No it is a three dimensional molecule
Is the C-C-O backbone of the molecule, linear?
No, it would be described as bent
What bond does ethanol have in common with water?
OH group, where oxygen has a short covalent bond to hydrogen.
The OH is called hydroxyl group and is often spoken of as the oh-aitch group.
Bond definition
The electrical forces holding two atoms together.
Atom - definition
The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Atoms are made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
Chemical bond - definition
The electrical forces holding two atoms together
Double bond - definition
A covalent formed by the sharing of four electrons two from each atom at either end of the bond
Ionic bonding - definition
Bonding which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together
Molecule definition
Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds for example hydrogen H2 water H2O carbon dioxide CO2
Ethanol definition
One of a family of similar chemicals have the genetic name of alcohol. the particular alcohol that is present in alcoholic drinks is known by its chemical name ethanol and has the chemical formula C2H5OH
The chemical formula of ethanol
C2H5OH
Would you expect Ethanol
to dissolve in water?
Yes because in both molecules there are OH hydroxyl groups with uneven concentrations of electrical charge and so the molecules are weakly attracted to each other in a similar way to the molecules in pure water
It is for this reason the ethanol can be transported via the bloodstream and readily distributed throughout the body
Diffusion definition
The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume.
atoms and small molecules can also move across the permeable cell membrane by diffusion if a concentration gradient exist. (for example between the inside and the outside of the cell)
Respiration definition
The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells oxidation of nutrient molecules releases,usable energy and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.
What term would relate ethanol and GABA?
Ethanol is an agonist to GABA
By changing the activity at synapses ethanol changes the activity patterns of neurons in the brain. this is the basis of the changes in mood and behaviour are triggered by drinking alcohol
Dopaminergic Neuron
Stimuli associated with the natural rewards such as the sight of food when hungry, tend to excite group of neurons in the brain that use dopamine as their neurotransmitter.
When these neurons are excited the person will tend to seek the reward, for example taking food and eating it. by its chemical action on the dopaminergic neurons in this pathway, ethanol increases the activity leading people to seek rewards more actively.
