The Chemisry Of Alcohol

Question 0

The linkage between the two atoms in the oxygen molecule is called?

Answer 0

It’s called a bond

Question 1

A molecule with two atoms is called?

Answer 1

Diatomic molecule and cannot be anything but linear (straight line)

Question 2

What is the general name for the type of bond formed when electron pairs are shared between two atoms in a molecule?

Answer 2

Covalent bonding

Question 3

Would you describe a water molecule as flat?

Answer 3

Yes a three atom molecule can be ether linear or bent, but always flat. All atoms lie in the same place. There are no other possibilities!

Question 4

Is ethanol planar (flat) in shape?

Answer 4

No it is a three dimensional molecule

Question 5

Is the C-C-O backbone of the molecule, linear?

Answer 5

No, it would be described as bent

Question 6

What bond does ethanol have in common with water?

Answer 6

OH group, where oxygen has a short covalent bond to hydrogen.

The OH is called hydroxyl group and is often spoken of as the oh-aitch group.

Question 7

Bond definition

Answer 7

The electrical forces holding two atoms together.

Question 8

Atom - definition

Answer 8

The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element. Atoms are made up of a positively charged atomic nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

Question 9

Chemical bond - definition

Answer 9

The electrical forces holding two atoms together

Question 10

Double bond - definition

Answer 10

A covalent formed by the sharing of four electrons two from each atom at either end of the bond

Question 11

Ionic bonding - definition

Answer 11

Bonding which is due to the electrical attraction of equal and opposite electrical charges and which holds the ions in salt crystals together

Question 12

Molecule definition

Answer 12

Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds for example hydrogen H2 water H2O carbon dioxide CO2

Question 13

Ethanol definition

Answer 13

One of a family of similar chemicals have the genetic name of alcohol. the particular alcohol that is present in alcoholic drinks is known by its chemical name ethanol and has the chemical formula C2H5OH

Question 14

The chemical formula of ethanol

Answer 14

C2H5OH

Question 15

Would you expect Ethanol

to dissolve in water?

Answer 15

Yes because in both molecules there are OH hydroxyl groups with uneven concentrations of electrical charge and so the molecules are weakly attracted to each other in a similar way to the molecules in pure water

It is for this reason the ethanol can be transported via the bloodstream and readily distributed throughout the body

Question 16

Diffusion definition

Answer 16

The movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration until the concentration is the same throughout the available volume.

atoms and small molecules can also move across the permeable cell membrane by diffusion if a concentration gradient exist. (for example between the inside and the outside of the cell)

Question 17

Respiration definition

Answer 17

The total process in an organism by which oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells oxidation of nutrient molecules releases,usable energy and the oxidation products (carbon dioxide and water) are given off.

Question 18

What term would relate ethanol and GABA?

Answer 18

Ethanol is an agonist to GABA

By changing the activity at synapses ethanol changes the activity patterns of neurons in the brain. this is the basis of the changes in mood and behaviour are triggered by drinking alcohol

Question 19

Dopaminergic Neuron

Answer 19

Stimuli associated with the natural rewards such as the sight of food when hungry, tend to excite group of neurons in the brain that use dopamine as their neurotransmitter.

When these neurons are excited the person will tend to seek the reward, for example taking food and eating it. by its chemical action on the dopaminergic neurons in this pathway, ethanol increases the activity leading people to seek rewards more actively.