The Chemical Senses Flashcards

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1
Q

What is gustation?

A

Gustation is taste and humans and animals are able to identify things because of the chemicals in them.

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2
Q

What are the five tastes?

A

Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami.

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3
Q

What is umami?

A

Umami, to the human, can also be described as savory and can be tasted as chemical stimuli based on the amino acid L-glutamate.

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4
Q

What is the history behind the flavor of umami?

A

Umami means deliciousness and was discovered by the japanese scientist Kikunae Ikeda in 1908.

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5
Q

Where are the taste buds found?

A

On the tongue.

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6
Q

What are the bumps on the tongue called?

A

Papillae. They are small bumps that contain the taste buds.

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7
Q

What are taste buds?

A

Taste buds are in the papillae and they are barrel-shaped structures that consist of many sensory (taste) cells.

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8
Q

What does each taste cell have?

A

Each taste cell tends to have one general type of taste
receptor for one of the five basic tastes, meaning a cell is either a bitter cell or a sour cell

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9
Q

What is a tastant?

A

A taste particle of the food that binds to the taste receptor. (this will produce the sensation of that taste)

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10
Q

What is the olfactory epithelium?

A

The olfactory epithelium is a big cluster of cells the line the top and the back of the nasal cavity.

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11
Q

What is the olfactory epithelium composed of?

A

This is composed of basal cells and support cells to provide structure, as well as olfactory receptor neurons (smell receptor neurons)

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12
Q

What do the olfactory receptor neurons have?

A

These neurons have specialized dendrites where floating particles may attach to olfactory
receptors to be converted by the olfactory system.

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13
Q

How do the receptors work?

A

The molecules are inhaled and they attach to the receptors. The cells convert that event into a series of action potentials.

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14
Q

What is population coding?

A

Population coding is when

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