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Ap Bio > The Chemical Context Of Life > Flashcards

The Chemical Context Of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass; material of which things are made

A

Matter

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2
Q

The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

A

Atom

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3
Q

The even smaller parts of an atom, (protons, neutrons, and electrons)

A

Subatomic particle

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4
Q

Electrically positive subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom

A

Proton

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5
Q

Electrically neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom

A

Neutron

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6
Q

Electrically negative subatomic particle found in a cloud around the nucleus of an atom

A

Electron

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7
Q

Substance that cannot be broken down to another substance by chemical reaction

A

Element

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8
Q

Elements known to be essential to life (CHNOPS +Ca)

A

Essential elements

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9
Q

Elements required by an organism in only minute quantities

A

Trace elements

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10
Q

Substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio

A

Compound

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11
Q

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

A

Isotopes

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12
Q

An unstable isotope in which the nucleus decay spontaneously, giving off particles and energy

A

Radioactive isotopes

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13
Q

The ability to do work

A

Energy

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14
Q

The ability to make something happen that wouldn’t happen itself

A

Work

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15
Q

Energy that matter stores, because of its position or location

A

Potential energy

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16
Q

The energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy

17
Q

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction

A

Activation energy

18
Q

The attractions that hold atoms in interaction

A

Chemical bonds

19
Q

The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms (H2, O2, H2O, CH4)

A

Covalent bonds

20
Q

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

A

Molecule

21
Q

The abbreviation of a structure using lines to show bonds (H-H)

A

Structural formula

22
Q

The abbreviation of a structure using subscripts (H2)

A

Molecules formula

23
Q

The attraction of an atom of the electrons of a covalent bond

A

Electronegative

24
Q

Two atoms with equal electronegativity example oil

A

Non polar covalent bond

25
Q

Two atoms with unequal electronegativity

A

Polar covalent bond

26
Q

The brief interaction of a positively and negatively charged regions of non-polar atoms

A

Waals interactions

27
Q

An interaction where a hydrogen bond covalently bonded to another electronegative atom is also attracted to an oxygen on another electronegative atom

A

Hydrogen bonds

28
Q

A charged atom

A

Ion

29
Q

A positive ion

A

Cation

30
Q

A negative ion

A

Anion

31
Q

Attraction of cation and anion that form an interaction

A

Ionic bond

32
Q

Ionic bonds in a compound; salts

A

Ionic compound

33
Q

The starting materials in a chemical reaction

A

Reactants

34
Q

The final materials in a chemical reaction

A

Products

35
Q

The sharing of two pairs of valence electrons such as in two oxygen atoms

A

Double covalent bond

36
Q

Reactions are still going on, but no net effect on the concentrations of the reactants and products

A

Dynamic equilibrium

37
Q

Reaction in which one of the reactants loses electrons becoming more positive

A

Oxidation

38
Q

Reaction in which one of the reactants gain electrons becoming more negative

A

Reduction

39
Q

The making and breaking of chemical bonds that lead to changes in the composition of matter

A

Chemical reactions

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