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History - America > The changing political environment, 1917-80 > Flashcards

The changing political environment, 1917-80 Flashcards

1
Q

Who took the USA into WW1?

A

Woodrow Wilson

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2
Q

When did Harding become president?

A

1921

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3
Q

What did Harding promise?

A

A return to normalcy

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4
Q

Unemployment rose from 950,000 in 1919 to what in 1921?

A

5,010,000

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5
Q

What were many people’s views after WW1?

A

Isolationism

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6
Q

What did Isolationism mean?

A
  • Introducing tariffs that favoured US business
  • Not joining the League of Nations
  • Not setting up colonies
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7
Q

The 1921 Emergency Quota Act restricted immigration to …

A

357,000 a year

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8
Q

When were the Neutrality Acts passed?

A

Between 1935-39

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9
Q

What did the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act do?

A

Encourage people to ‘Buy American’

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10
Q

What is Hire Purchase?

A

Buying goods on credit

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11
Q

Was Woodrow Wilson Republican or Democrat?

A

He was a Democrat. The second democrat since the Civil War.

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12
Q

Why did people feel like he took far too big a part in government decision-making?

A
  • Took America to war despite campaigns against it
  • Didn’t consult Congress about promoting the League of Nations
  • Drafted bills and introduced them to Congress himself
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13
Q

Who was Wilson replaced by?

A

Harding

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14
Q

What does Laissez-Faire mean?

A

French for ‘leave well alone’

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15
Q

What was Harding’s slogan?

A

Less government in business and more business in government

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16
Q

Who preceded Harding?

A

Coolidge

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17
Q

During Coolidge’s presidency the US entered a period of —

A

recovery and prosperity

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18
Q

When was Coolidge president?

A

1923-29

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19
Q

When was the First Red Scare?

A

1919-20

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20
Q

What did the Red Scare lead to?

A

Rise in Republican sentiment

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21
Q

How many worker strikes were there in 1919?

A

More than 3,600, 1 in 4 workers went on strike

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22
Q

How many shipyard workers went on strike in Seattle in 1919?

A

35,000

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23
Q

Who did the KKK target?

A

Groups they thought were ‘Un-American’

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24
Q

How many people were deported on suspicions of communism?

A

Out of thousands, only 556

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25
Q

What was Rugged Individualism?

A
  • the poor were weakened by government support
  • the USA should isolate itself from other countries
  • the USA should restrict immigration
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26
Q

When was the Great Depression/ Wall Street Crash?

A

1929

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27
Q

What strategy did Republicans favour during the Depression?

A

Leaving the economy to sort itself out

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28
Q

Who was president during the Depression?

A

Hoover

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29
Q

When was the Federal Farm Board set up and what did it do?

A

Set up in 1929 and it aimed to help farmers who found it hard to sell goods abroad during the Depression due to government isolationist tariffs.

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30
Q

What did Hoover think was the solution to the depression?

A
  • Laissez-faire wasn’t working
  • private charities should offer help on a local basis
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31
Q

When was the President’s Emergency Commitee for Employment set up and what did it do?

A

Set up in 1930 and it was a temporary organisation to find work projects for the unemployed and encourage businesses to create more jobs

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32
Q

Hoover’s federal intervention was …

A

too little too late

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33
Q

How much money did Hoover spend?

A

5,000 million (only received 2,000 million)

34
Q

What are ‘Hoovervilles’?

A

Shanty towns

35
Q

When was the Bonus Army set up?

A

1924

36
Q

What did the Bonus Army do?

A
  • gave those who fought in ww1 a bonus payment calculated on their years in service
  • money went into a fund to be pay out in 1945
  • when the depression hit veterns asked for their money
37
Q

How many veterans marched to Washington in 1932 to demand their Bonus Army payout?

A

150,000-200,000

38
Q

How did the government react to the Bonus Army march?

A
  • sent troops with tear gas, bayonets, cavalry, tanks, and machine guns
  • dispersed camps
39
Q

What was the effect of the failure of the Bonus Army on Hoover?

A

Lost popularity

40
Q

Why did people start to vote Democrat?

A

Repubicans failed to deal with the Depression.

41
Q

Who was the majority in the House of Representatives in 1931?

A

Democrats

42
Q

What was Hoover’s slogan in 1928?

A

‘a chicken in every pot’ stating that the Republicans were the poor man’s party

43
Q

What did Roosevelt offer Americans?

A

A New Deal and a new attitude to government

44
Q

When was Roosevelt president?

A

1933-45

45
Q

What were the 4 Horsemen of the Apocalypse that Roosevelt claimed led Hoover’s campaign?

A

Destruction, despair, delay and doubt

46
Q

How many states did Hoover win in his re-election?

A

6

47
Q

How many voters went to vote in 1932?

A

40 million - the largest number in American history

48
Q

What did the National Recovery Administration (NRA) do?

A
  • enforced codes of practice for businesses
  • set minimum wage
  • public encouraged, but not forced, to join the NRA
49
Q

What did the Agricultural Adjustment Agency (AAA) do?

A
  • regulated major crops such as wheat and cotton
  • bought up surplus crops
50
Q

Name some Alphabet Agencies.

A

AAA and NRA

51
Q

What was Roosevelt’s personality?

A

charming, pragmatic, confident

52
Q

What were Roosevelt’s radio broadcasts called?

A

Fireside chats

53
Q

How many terms was Roosevelt elected for?

A

4 terms

54
Q

When were the NRA and AAA ruled unconstitutional?

A

1937

55
Q

Who succeded Roosevelt?

A

Truman in 1945

56
Q

When was the Lend-Lease Act passed?

A

1941

57
Q

When did America enter WW2?

A

December 1941

58
Q

Within a year of the outbreak of war, the USA had produced ___ worth of war goods

A

47 billion

59
Q

Industry profits rose from 17 million in 1940 to ___ in 1940

A

28 million

60
Q

How many Americans died in the war?

A

400,000

61
Q

How many Americans went to war?

A

16 million

62
Q

When was the Second Red Scare?

A

1947-54

63
Q

What was HUAC?

A

House Un-American Activities Commission was set up in 1928 and investigated people for un-American activities, with a focus on Communists

64
Q

Which important people in government were accused of being communists during the 2nd red scare?

A

Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs

65
Q

Who headed the Second Red Scare?

A

Joseph McCarthy

66
Q

How many communists did McCarthy claim were working in the State Department? And what numbers did they change to?

A

Initially claimed there were 205, later changed to 57 and 81

67
Q

Which committee investigated the claims of McCarthy?

A

the Tydings Committee

68
Q

What was the most famous hippie gathering of the 60s?

A

Woodstock Festival

69
Q

What did the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) advocate for?

A

end to war

70
Q

What did Nixon campaign for?

A

new right policies

71
Q

Example of campus campaigns by religious leaders in the 60s

A

Bill Bright and his ‘Campus Crusade for Christ’ in 1967, he even went to the very radical Berkeley

72
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

A

a system of aid to war-torn countries

73
Q

When did the Cold War start?

A

After ww2

74
Q

What did the 1956 Interstate Act do?

A

designed a road network for rapid evacuation of cities

75
Q

What did schools run during the Cold War?

A

’ duck and cover ‘ exercises

76
Q

How much did a fallout shelter cost in 1958?

A

$1,300 (average family income was $5,100)

77
Q

Between June 1947 and June 1948, the US holdings of atomic bombs rose from 13 to …

A

50

78
Q

What did the 1947 National Security Act do?

A

reorganise US military forces under a new Defense Department based at the Pentagon

79
Q

What did the National Security Act create?

A

the CIA

80
Q

When was the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba?

A

1961

81
Q

What was defence spending during the Korean War?

A

14% of US GNP

82
Q
A

History - America (1 decks)

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