The Changing Political Environent (1917-1933) Flashcards
What three republican presidents dominated during the 1920s?
1-Warren Harding (1921-1923)
2-Calvin Coolidge(1923-1929)
3-Herbert Hoover(1929-1933)
What ideology did warren Harding promote?
Normalcy
What ideology did Calvin Coolidge promote?
“Business is Americans business”
What ideology did Herbert hoover promote?
Rugged individualism and voluntarism
What type of polices did all three presidents promote?
- laissez faire economic ideas
- protectionist tariffs
- reduce immigration
What amendment was prohibition?
And when was it passed?
18th amendment passed in 1919
Why did Herbert hoover earn the the title “The great humanitarian” before his election?
-He aided civilians who were victims of the war,thus promoting voluntarism
How did Herbert hoover embody rugged individualism?
He Made millions as a mining engineer
How did warren Harding rise to international prominence before he was elected?
In 1919 Harding served on the senate of foreign relations and was a leading critique of Woodrow Wilson’s League of Nations.
Why did warren Harding criticise the League of Nations?
As it would oblige the us to defend another country therefore Harding was an advocated for isolationism
In 1919 why did Calvin Coolidge (Massachusetts governor)hit the headlines?
His tough stance over a Boston police strike
This appealed Americans who were suffering form post war economic depression and were resentful of strikes
What are the two names give to the people who advocated for prohibition to take place?
Temperance campaigners
Dries
How many infants were smothered yearly by drunk parents?
300 said one temperance leaflet
By 1917 how many states had already banned alcohol?
27
What did prohibition happen?
- it caused communism,crime and poverty
- important foods such as grain being wasted
- brewing companies often had German names such as Pabst and Americans wanted to be more isolated
What does patriotic mean and give me and example of how Americans were patriotic during the 1920s?
Patriotic means supporting ones country
Not drinking alcohol was an example of being patriotic during the 1920s
When and who ended prohibition?
Franklin d Roosevelt ended it in 1933
When was the red scare?
And tell me three things that happened in it
1919-1920
- there were 3,600 strikes and it was often blamed on communism for instance when 350,000 steel workers strikes business leaders blamed it on Communism this intensified fears of revolution.
- general Mitchell palmers house was bombed leading to the Palmer raids
- there were 25 race riots largest being in Chicago wherein which 38 people died (25 blacks,15 whites)
How many arrests were there in the Palmer raids and how much people were actually innocent?
- 6000 alien arrests with many foreign born radicals deported such as Emma Goldman
- according to secretary of labor Lois posts investigation concluded that only 556 people were guilty
Why did the red scare contribute to increased anti immigrant feelings?
- Russian Jews usually brought in the views
- foreign born radicals such as Emma Goldman held and promoted her anarchist views.it was usually immigrants who were political radicals
- Italian born labourers Sacco and venzetti also expressed their hatred for capitalism
Which did Americans want things to go back to normal?
- government had an increased role in the economy(war industries board)
- taxation had become high during the war so Americans wanted someone to balance the books
- legislation such as as the 1918 sedition act gave the federal government extra powers to silence opponents of the war the government was become too corrupt
What did one Ohio journalist say about Harding?
“Harding possessed that rare power of convincing his hearers”
Give me some quotes that Harding said in his presidential candidate speech.
“Tranquility at home is more precious that peace abroad”
“The word needs to be reminded that all human ills are not curable by legislation”(supports voluntarism,rugged individualism)
“Excess is government offer no substitute for quality of citizenship”
Americans must “put America first”(isolationism)
What else played a part in hardings victory?
These points foreshadows a changing president as well
- Albert lasker his brilliant publicist introduced many of the advertising (radio magazines) and public relations techniques
- republican owned magazines gave him a lot of support as he got on well with the reporters they even refused to publish contemporary mains that he has black ancestry.
- new women voters supported him as he supported their enfranchisement.
